TASK 2 2.1 Introduction The main objective of entering into a contract is generally to see it through to completion. In a simplified example, in the case of a construction contract between an employer and a contractor, the employer gets his project constructed and the contractor gets his payment. However, not every contract will achieve its goal. It is not uncommon for a contractual relationship to terminate in the course of its performance, without achieving its objective. In this task, we had a scenario which our training appraisal is due shortly. Furthermore, our supervisor had told us the he will be testing our knowledge on the discharge of contract. He explained that the contract can be discharged in several …show more content…
Under the law of contract, termination of contract comes under the topic of discharge of contract. Generally, a contract can be discharged by four main methods: by performance, by agreement, by frustration, and by breach of contract. It was suggested that a well drafted contract should include a clause that clearly defines the method and procedure for its termination in certain circumstances. 2.2 Discharge of a contract Discharge of a contract relates to the circumstances in which the contract is brought to an end. Where a contract is discharged, each party is freed from their continuing obligations under the contract. A contract may be discharged in one of the following ways: • Discharge by Performance • Discharge by Breach • Discharge by Agreement • Discharge by …show more content…
If both parties have continuing obligations then generally the consideration will be simply each of them giving up their rights under the contract. The only time consideration becomes an issue is where one party has fully performed their part of the contract when the other has not. The non-performing party must then provide consideration to make the agreement binding. Also if the agreement is made by deed there is no requirement to provide consideration. There is in effect a contract to end a contract. According to Section 64 of the Contract Act 1950 (Act 136), which states that, “Every promise may dispense with or without remit, wholly or in part, the performance of the promise made to him, or may extend the time for such performance, or may accept instead of it any satisfaction which he thinks fit”. As an illustration of the situation, B promises to paint a picture for C. But then, C forbids B to do so afterwards. Thus B is no longer bound to perform the promise. As it is the agreement of the parties which binds them, so by their further agreement or consnt the contract may be terminated. The rule of law in this regard is as follows, Eodem modo quo quid constituitur, eodem modo destruitur which means things may be destroyed in the same manner in which it is constituted. Types of discharge by agreement: 1. Novation 2. Rescission 3. Alteration 4.
8) Chris promises Dina $40,000 if she graduates from Eagle College. Dina enrolls in Eagle, attends full-time for four years, and graduates. When Dina asks Chris for $40,000, Chris says, “I don’t remember promising you $40,000. But if there was a promise, it’s not enforceable, because we didn’t bargain for it. And even if there was a promise that would otherwise be enforceable, I revoke it now.” Can Dina enforce Chris’s “promise”? Why or why
14) Where a promise can only be accepted by the performance of the person to whom it is offered is an example of a/an
Additionally, it is clarified that contracts falling within the scope of the Act shall contain certain provisions allowing the contracting officer to terminate, by written notice, the contractor’s right to proceed with the work should it be found that the wages being paid by the contractor are less than the prevailing wage. Should termination be necessary, the contractor can be held liable for any excess costs incurred by the Government to gain a new contract or otherwise have the work
If an unforeseen and/or uncontrollable event happens to either party, they may have the option to back out of the contract, for a negotiated period of time, for repairs or termination of the contract, if necessary. Conditions such as but not limited, but not limited to, weather conditions, store, warehouse, or personal property damage. The contract will be kept in force, until canceled or terminated by agreed upon terms by all parties.
A’s promise to B can only be enforced by B if B has given consideration for that promise;
Freedom of contract is the freedom of individuals to bargain among themselves the terms of their own contracts, without external interference. People can negotiate effectively in their own interest and both parties negotiate from a position
A bilateral contract comes into existence at the moment promises are exchanged. True, “promise for a promise”
The "something of value" may be either something that the person actually hands over (that they would not otherwise be obligated to hand over) or some right that they give up (that they would otherwise have been entitled to exercise). For example, if you agree to buy a car for cash, you agree to deliver cash to the seller, and the seller agrees to deliver the car to you. In that situation, there is legal consideration, or sufficient value, for the agreement to be enforceable. Another example is a mutual release of claims. Suppose you accidentally hit a parked car, and you agree to pay the owner of the car £500 in cash to settle. In that case, you agree to deliver cash to the owner of the car, and the owner agrees that he or she will not file a lawsuit against you. (In such a situation, always get a written release of liability, or "release," from the owner of the car to prove that you have settled up.) The consideration from your side is the cash, and the consideration from the owner's side is that he or she gave up the right to sue you for the damages. Although the owner didn't give up anything physical, there is consideration to support the agreement because the owner gave up a legal right. Source: (http://onlinelegalforms.com/legalforms/freedraftingtips.html#consideration) Dunlop v Selfridges (1915) Hol. Defined consideration as ‘An act or forbearance of one party or, the promise thereof, is the price
this case could be an tricky in the court, because in the contract they only
The following case American Agricultural Chemical Co. v. Kennedy & Crawford, 103 Va. 171 (Va.1904) it is expressed that; where the consideration for the promise of one party is the promise of the other party, there must be absolute mutuality of engagement, so that each party has the right to hold the other to a positive agreement. Both parties must be bound or neither is bound. A party making a promise is bound to nothing until a promisee, within a reasonable time, engages to do, or else do or begins to do, the thing which is the condition of the first promise. Until such engagement or such doing, the promisor may withdraw his promise, because there is no mutuality, and therefore no consideration for it.
There are many ideas about the correct basis for contractual obligation. They include promise, consideration, and cause. All jurisdictions follow at least one. In Thomas E. Davitt’s The Elements of Law, the author articulates a very credible argument for the basis for contractual obligation being one of those named above. Davitt simplifies the arguments for all of these and names one correct basis: the promise itself. Generally Thomas E. Davitt, S.J., The Elements of Law, 272 (1959). This paper will argue in favor of Davitt’s writings. The basis for contractual obligation is the promise itself. In order to effectively argue in favor of one basis over the possible others, it is necessary to discuss and rule out the others.
Under Common Law, for a contract to exist, three elements must be present: an offer, an acceptance and a consideration. The notions of offer and acceptance under Common Law are not fundamentally different from those in French contract law, although their effects may differ. The offer indicates the willingness of a party to enter into a bargain, and the acceptance reflects the agreement of the other party to the offer.
Contractual agreements are supposed to be consensual, and freely entered into by the parties involved. Therefore, ‘before a court enforces a relationship as a contract, the courts must have a reasonably certain basis in fact to justify binding the parties to each other.’ (St. John’s Law Scholarship Repository, no date). Resolution of whether a contract was intended to be legally binding is not determined by what the parties themselves thought or intended. Rather, a more objective stance is taken by the courts. This is known as the objective theory of contract, and essentially enables ‘the courts to look at external evidence (what the parties said and did at the time)’ (Poole, 2006, p. 34), as to objectively indicate the parties’ intentions
Introduction: In this assignment I will go over a few legal terms in relation to contract law. I will also talk about a few precedents that help explain the law.
Contractual agreement has always been viewed in terms of offer and acceptance. The universal principle to contract law has always been parties may get into an agreement in whichever way they deem fit and they are subject to certain terms as they choose. As far as legal requirements vital to their formation are binding contracts may be formed. Moreover a binding agreement may be manifested in terms of writing or in verbal form.