Advantages And Disadvantages Of Karst Areas

The acidic ground water was necessary due to the fact that pure water could not dissolve the limestone and marble. The acidic ground water absorbed some carbon dioxide from the air and the decaying vegetation located in the soil and formulated carbonic acid. The carbonic acid was able to dissolve out “cavities” (3) in the bedrock and when the level of the water dropped, the passageways were ready for the next step of the development of caves. There is water that seeps into the cave at a slower rate. The acid is weak but it is able to dissolve the bedrock above the cave and is able to redeposit the minerals, which in this case is calcite, on the floors, ceilings, and walls of the Lehman Caves in the form of “cave decorations” (3). These are still growing today, and because of it they are very

Tourism is the world’s largest industry with nature-based ecotourism seeing rapid growth since its initial arrival in the 1980s. It is estimated by the World Tourism Organisation that nature tourism generates 7% of all international travel expenditure (Lindberg, 1997) and this figure will have increased rapidly over recent years. It’s increase in popularity is due to a number of factors; tourists becoming increasingly bored of the typical sun, sea and sand holiday’s, the increase in global awareness or environmental issues such as global

Evidence of almost 100 of the stones has revealed without the need to excavate the site, due to remote sensing, ground-penetrating radar and geographical imaging technologies. These advancements in science and technology allow researchers to discover the historical monuments full extent. Fragments of bones, stones and the foundation pits in which they were situated have all been uncovered during excavations and technological mapping indicating the true size and importance the site was to the Neolithic

Over a span of 2,000 years, monuments have been added to Stonehenge. While most are buried today, they are still visible and well preserved. Stonehenge’s features include the Aubrey Holes, 350 burial mounds, Cursus, Woodhenge, Durrington Walls Henge, Stonehenge Avenue, and West Amesbury Henge. The Aubrey Holes were the first monuments in Stonehenge, built around 3,000 BCE. The Aubrey Holes were 56 pits inside of a circular enclosure formed by a bank and a ditch. Its main purpose was to store cremated ashes of dead bodies. After the Aubrey Holes were made, bluestones and sarsens were dragged from long distances to construct the circular stone monument. The 350 burial mounds were long barrows meant to cremate and bury the dead. The Cursus, built from 3600 to 3400 BCE, were two long earthwork enclosures. Both Woodhenge and Durrington Walls Henge were timber circle monuments built in 2,300 and 2,500 BCE, respectively. Stonehenge Avenue was an ancient road that lead to Stonehenge monument and was built from 2,500 to 1,700 BCE. Finally, West Amesbury Henge was a stone circle monument built in 2,400

There are the tourists—those who seek temporary relaxation, or famous sights. There are the travelers—those who wander, without aim, for the love of moving. There are the explorers—those seeking adventure, the thrill of unearthing things rarely seen.

When considering excavation methods, the location of the site has to be taken into account, as many archaeological methodologies can cause long-term damage to the site. So considering conservation strategies and methods is crucial. This directly applies to New Kinord, as the

In the 12th century Goodrich Castle, was replaced with stone. This decreased the level of destruction during wars. As a development of Stone Keep castles, concentric castles were built from 1250 onwards. The concentric design was copied from the castles in the Middle East; knowledge and understanding of design and structure came into England through returning crusaders (soldiers) during the 1200’s.

The wooden towers of a motte and bailey castle were removed and replaced with stone, because the towers were hollow, it was called a shell keep. Castles with a shell keep were better than the early Norman ‘motte and bailey castles’ because it was an expensive way of strengthening the motte, the fragile wooden fence around the motte was replaced with a stone wall. The castle engineers during the Norman period of time did not trust the motte to support the enormous weight of a stone keep, but the a common solution to that problem was to replace the wooden stakes enclosing the castle with a stone wall then building wooden buildings backing onto the inside of the wall. This construction was great because it meant that the walls could be thinner and lighter. The shell keep castles were less popular and were relatively short lived, the style stopped being popular very quickly. Castles like York castle Clifford tower have a stone

The Carnac stones were used for burial purposes, as well as being used for shrines of sorts. The possible people that could have built them are likely a Neolithic people from around 4500 BC. These stones are monumental for their size and their mysterious appearance. The fact that the people that could have built them shrouds them in even more mystery than they are now. The exact people that did build them is still unknown, but that is another history mystery for another time. These stones help us truly appreciate what the older times have created for us to look at in

The finding of projectile points and other tools prove that there is some truth to that assumption made by archeologists. Animal bones such as deer and fish, have been found after excavating the fort. It is believed that the clay potsherds that were found had once been used for cooking or storage. Glass fragments were also found and is believed to have been used in many ways. Common usages for glass in the 18th century was wine bottles, case bottles, medicine bottles, tumblers (stemless drinking glass) wine glass, and storage bottles (Moore). Rock tools is another resource that was found at the fort and was possibly made through flint napping. Flint knapping is the process of chipping away material from high silica stones like "flint" in a carefully controlled manner with special tools to produce sharp projectile points or tools (FlintNappingLLC). Wood is another resource that was used at the fort. Wood was used to make fires, once burned it would become charcoal. In the 18th century the people who lived at Fort Tombecbe was were hunters and gathers that owned many

The artifacts and features left behind at Fort Tombecbe is archeology because, they provide a visual aid of things that once belonged to a no longer existing culture. Since the people who lived during that time period is no longer alive the remaining on their prosessions can tell use what life may have been like for them.

This declaration focuses on cultural landscapes in terms of the ' interaction of people and nature over time' .3 The majority of World Heritage listed cultural landscapes are ' evolved continuing landscapes, where people and nature dwell together' . Most cultural landscapes fit into this category: they are living landscapes, changing as the culture, climate and natural surroundings change within and around them. The character of the landscape thus reflects the values of the people who have shaped it, and who continue to live in it. The culture itself is the shaping force. Landscape is a cultural expression that does not happen by chance but is created informally or by

Stone quarries supplied the large blocks of granite, limestone, and sandstone that were used for building temples and tombs.

The use of natural resources to attract tourists, if successful, leads to the obligation of an infrastructure upon ‘nature’. Over time, it is the manmade structures that maintain the desirability of the tourist resort, not the natural features that prompted the original.(Ryan, 1991) Thus by focusing too much on attracting tourists

Architecture: Very few architectural structures from this period have survived (none from before); the most famous is Stonehenge, constructed using the post and lintel system and thought to be something like a sundial.