Adversity Risk Factors

Individual risk factors include: being a victim of child abuse, personality disorders, and extreme changes .In family situation, inter-family dependence problems, academic stress, poor academic performance, social deprivation, depression and suicidal. Anon, (2014)

A report by Jack Shonkoff found that toxic stress can hinder the social and economic prospects of a child. The report examines the evidence of the disruptive impacts of toxic stress, offering insights into the mechanisms that link early childhood adversity to later impairments in learning, behavior, and both physical and emotional well-being. The implications suggest that many adult diseases should be views as developmental disorders that began in early childhood and that persistent health disparities associated with poverty, discrimination, or maltreatment could be reduced by the alleviation of toxic stress in childhood

This paper will examine the concepts of risk, protective factors, and resiliency. The paper will start with defining and elaborating on the concepts of risk and protective factors and examine how the latter promotes or hinders an individual’s capacity for resiliency. The paper will expound on the concepts of risk, protective factors and resiliency, by integrating the terms into the case study of Will Quinones. Lastly, the paper will conclude with strategies that can be used to promote resiliency in children that are deemed at- risk.

There are different things that can affect a child’s development in their background these are just a few of them: -

Children should be encouraged to think about risks and given more independence, so they are more likely to grow in confidence. If a child’s experiences is limited its likely that the child may find it difficult to assess and manage risks on their own .If we become to obsess about their health an safety, we may affect their learning development and abilities. Sometimes it’s good to offer them challenging environment for them to deal with risks under our observation also when a child sustain or witness injuries they gain direct experience of their action and choices.

There are different threats to the children and young people safety: all types of abuse (physical, emotional, sexual, etc.); neglect; and other potential risks (drugs, gang bands, radicalization, etc.) Some cultural back-grounds, religion ideas, and specific ages can be determined as ‘higher risk’ of determined harm (for example, being from a culture where female genital mutilation is likely to happen.)

Children who were destitute (with or without their families) shared a significant number of the hazard calculates frequently watched in conditions of outrageous neediness, along with the extra difficulties of private shakiness, including school versatility. Related dangers included sociodemographic chance elements (e.g., single-parent family units, low maternal instruction, unemployed guardians) and antagonistic educational encounters (e.g., child abuse, aggressive behavior at home, separation, misfortune or detachment from guardians,

Stressful environment is a key factor when it comes to child development. Stress can be the molding of a child’s life. There are several different contributing factor of stress that could affect a child. Stress for a child can come from many areas of their life, such as, in the home, neighborhood, school, community, family issues. However, it is extremely important to realize that there is no greater cause of stress to a child than from their parents (Blake 26). Witnessing verbal and physical abuse in the home is a very

Protective factors moderate the impact of risk factors. As the number of protective factors increases above the amount of risk factors the negative impact of the risk factors reduces. The post it note activity was an example of this equation because it demonstrated that an increase in protective factors resulted in greater resilience. The post it note activity also demonstrated that even though people may have risk factors, the negative impact of those risk factors are not guaranteed to have a negative impact on development. The activity demonstrated the ability of protective factors to serve as moderators to risk factors. Some examples of risk factors are racism, poverty, abuse, trauma, neglect, illness, drug abuse, disability, prematurity,

Poor preparation for parenthood, inadequate social support, lack of adequate skills for coping with the stresses of parenting, and resource-depleted environments all interact to put families at risk (Cheal, 2007)

Instead, it is a complex interplay between the two, driven to a significant extent by the multidirectional transactions of infants or children, and parents and other caregivers"(as cited in Sparrow, 2013, p. 180). While heredity will affect my child development the environment, he is surrounded by will also contribute to his development. As stated in the scenario, the family is having some financial problem. Socio-economic status of a family can affect the child. If parents are worried about money and are constantly stressed and working to put food on the table, the child development will be affected (Berk, 2014, p.61). Being a shy and a cautious person; my environment is usually quiet and secluded from others; this will affect Andrew character and

In the case of Brian and his family I would say the social risk factors Brian suffers are inadequate pre-school child care, association with antisocial peers, and failure in school. I include failure in school because his mother removed him from preschool instead of working with school administrators and teachers to encourage Brian’s success within the program.

The exposure to risk factors increased the development of violence for young people. Risk facts increases the probability that a person will suffer harm (General 2001). Risk factors increase the likelihood of children exposure to violence. Risk factors vary on many levels. They are individual, family, social and community risk factors. Each work together to increase the exposure to violence.

The report also linked emotional development of a child and academic learning abilities, stating how important intervention was in order assist children at risk of poor social, emotional and behavioural development caused by exposure to both internal and external risk

Schaffer (2006) defines risk and protective factors as “conditions that increase the probability of some undesirable outcome or, on contrary, conditions that buffer the individuals against undesirable outcomes”. Risk and protective factors exist independently from one individual to another. Not only are an individual’s characteristics important, but their physical, social, and family environments. According to the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (2009), a protective factor would be considered a child living in a two-parent house. If one of the parents is in any form abusive to the other parent, or the child the living situation would be altered to a risk factor. However, not living with the abusive