Abstract
This literature review examines how anti ageing stereotypes in western cultures affects the health of elder people. Negative and positive stereotypes are learned and reinforced as we grow up and then are self internalized when we become “old”. By examining numerous studies and different research, have found that negative stereotypes have adverse affects on older people and that internalized positive stereotypes can benefit older peoples health. Throughout this
Key words: Ageism, Stereotype Embodiment
Effects of Ageism and Aging Stereotypes
Lately, research on how stereotypes affect elders has turned “from younger individuals who hold age stereotypes to older individuals who are targeted by these stereotypes” (Levy,
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Butler, as the "systematic stereotyping of and discrimination against people because they are old, just as racism and sexism accomplish this with skin color and gender" (Calasanti, 2005). There are many different problems with ageism that perpetuate the discrimination of the elderly. Societies harmful attitudes towards and the discriminatory practices against old people are have contributed to the problem of ageism in our society. The difference of ageism from racism and sexism is that we will all eventually have to face the judgment and exclusion that goes along with getting old. These ageing stereotypes can be later internalized by elders and have a huge impact on there self worth and overall health. In a study on ageism, over 77% of old people surveyed reported suffering an incident of ageism, more than half of those incidents to have occurred more than one time (Palmore, …show more content…
We live in a culture who is highly against ageing and in result, “we ultimately oppress ourselves: Either we try to avoid the aging process or we lose self-esteem because of the selves we feel we are becoming” (Calasanti, 2005). With knowledge and understanding of how these elder people embody sterotypes about ageing we can start to diminish these sterotypes and as a society. Also, if we learn about the effect of steotypes we can help stop reinforcing them and bring ourselves to only think of the positive thoughts of aging so we, can try to age more happily. Studtying this subject can also help those who work with elderly individuals and give them the knowledge to understand them and care for them. Further studies should be done on if one can change there perceptions on againg and if it can reverse the advesr effects they had prior. If one can learn to internalize only the posotove sterotypes of aging can it incresase there health, even after they have suffered from effect of negatives
These stereotypes, however, are very far from the truth about what occurs during the late adulthood stage. They stem from a form of prejudice referred to as ageism (Berger, 2008). Gerontologists define ageism as “A form of prejudice used to categorize and judge individual based on their chronological age only” (Berger, 2008, p. 615). The issue of ageism can promote patronizing treatment toward persons in the late adulthood stage and even foster discrimination. For example, people in the West unconsciously process
Ageism and stereotypes of older people can have an important impact on their physical health, mental health and overall wellbeing. Negative stereotypes of older people being dependent and decrepit can be internalized and become self-fulfilling. These ageist thoughts and stereotypes can lead to older people not seeking health care in general and to not get treatment appropriate for their illness or medical condition due to their age and not based on any other factor.
There is a perceived notion that Eastern societies view aging in a positive aspect, while Western societies view aging in a negative light. Although there is much emphasis on respect for elders on the Confucian societies, however, does East Asia’s treatment of the Elderly really differ from North America’s treatment? In the Perceptions of Aging in Two cultures: Korean and American views on Old Age, the authors are able to prove their thesis that through previous studies by Harwood et al that countries such as South Korea, Philippines and Hong-Kong do not necessarily hold positive views on of old age. In this study, to better understand beliefs and perceptions of aging, Koreans were expected to have a greater fear of old people, worry more about their physical appearance, and show greater levels of anxiety over aging more than their American counter parts. Although American women were expected to show more anxiety towards their physical appearance more than their male counterparts. Such perceptions on older people have an effect on the mental, physical and emotional health of elderly people. The many negative stereotypes about seniors affect how seniors see themselves and how society views them. These stereotypes are usually “regarding their physical and cognitive abilities”. Although these stereotypes may seem harmless, they hold serious ramifications to which affects the elderly participation in activities which may improve their physical or cognitive abilities. These
Many sociologists believe that, like childhood, the age status is socially constructed. Many discussions about old age are negative and stereotypical, therefore it is constructed as a problem. People have different critical stereotypes of elderly people, they see them as, slow, old fashioned, complaining all the time and many other traditional stereotypes. An example of this would be the Griffiths Report. This report claimed that the care of the elderly was pushing society to facing the problem of meeting the growing costs that health and social care needs in order to help the growing number of elderly people. There has also been a recent fear of the ‘pension time bomb’ this has also caused some negative attitudes and concerns that the ageing population creates a
Ageism is known as a prejudice or discrimination based solely on one’s age. Similar to sexism and racism, ageism involves holding negative stereotypes about an individual based on them being a different age. Gerontologist Robert N. Butler was the first to use the term ageism when he was describing the discrimination against individuals within late adulthood. In modern day the term
Ageism can affect both the youth and the elderly, but in today’s times it is mainly focused on the elderly. The elderly are constantly harassed, judged, and stereotyped for their age. The elderly are viewed as disabled, has-beens, and basically serve no propose, instead of being viewed as wise, bold, experienced, and valuable. In the article “Putting The
After giving thought to the subject of ageism as it is directed against the elderly in American society, I find that although I generally have a great deal of respect for those older than me, I like most am guilty of some degree of stereotyping.
The aging of society has not significantly changed our perceptions of the elderly. Ageism is widespread in Western societies (Dionigi, et al, 2011). Older adults are seen as boring, grumpy irritable, weak, debilitated, mournful, and most significantly cognitively. These stereotypes which are negative can be allowed by the aged themselves negative self-stereotyping (Dionigi, et al, 2011) and are as well found among specialized caregivers (e.g., Cowan, Fitzpatrick, Roberts, & While,2004). The image in relation to which older adults are more ineffectual than younger adults is predominantly dominant. Nevertheless, in a variety of domains, older adults are inclined to have analogous performances and at times even do better than younger
Ageism is becoming a major problem. The elderly population is predicted to double in the next eight years, having the effect of older people in the workforce, medical patients, and community members. This causes younger people to be around older people more often causing them to make generalizations. There has been an increased effort to stop age discrimination. Ageing is a natural occurring thing so most people in their lives will be affected by ageism. For one to fully understand ageism, one must know the definition, stereotypes, and the effect of those stereotypes.
The elderly experience ageism on a daily basis. Whether it is in the workplace, in the media, by family and personal relationships. Workers report that age discrimination has become common in their work place. Society trains us early on to “act our age,” and it carries into adulthood. Many believe that the elderly should retire and let younger workers have their jobs. Women report that this bias appears for them at a younger age than for men who are their contemporaries. This is especially true in the media, we tend to judge older women harder than we do older men.
There is a concern of what will become of ageism in the future. The term ageism is based on an individuals or societies beliefs about the aged (Quadango, 2014, p. 10). Will ageism continue to grow worse in time or will it slowly dissipate? American’s 65 and older are expected to double in number within the forthcoming 3 decades from 35.9 million to 70 million elderly folks in 2030. The elderly will make up 20 percent of the 2030 population compared to the 13 percent today. It is expected that those turning 65 now, will live an extra 18 years. Seniors that have a positive outlook on life live an average of 7.5 years longer compared to those that are affected by negative stereotypes. (Associated Press, 2004, 7 September) Stereotypes can refer to ideas and beliefs of the elderly as a whole group (Quadango, 2014, p. 10). The elderly is going to be on the rise and this evidence goes to show that if we come together as a society and treat elders with more respect they will lead a more positive life.
When most people envision an elderly person, their minds go to the iconic little old lady or man. They automatically think about them having psychological ailments such as dementia or Alzheimer’s. With this assumption comes many unfair prejudices in the work place or other
Ageism is defined by the World Health Organization (2012) as discrimination against and stereotyping of an individual or group of people base on their age, it is commonly found in older people. The older people has been labeled as mentally slow, physically weak, helpless and “past by their due date.” These attitudes held against the older people restrict them in participating in any form of social, economic, and cultural activities. This paper will evaluate a scenario where ageism arose in the care of a patient, how the prejudice against the older people impacts the patient well-being and in what way this affect the professional practice of nursing using a Gibbs’s Reflection Model.
Research shows people who have more of a positive mind set about old age or being old are more likely to live longer than those opposed to with a negative mind set. Judith Graham is the author of “Older People Become What They Think, Study Shows”. The overall objective of this article is to prove having a negative or positive stereotypes about seniors and aging, will have an impact on old age people themselves. Whether older aged people believe the stereotypes or are being given perspectives of the stereotypes.
In the article of Levy (2009) refocused on the issue of positive and negative age, stereotypes held by older individuals can cause both beneficial and detrimental consequences, respectively, on a variety of cognitive and physical outcomes. The article stated that stereotype can be internalized and view as “self-perception of aging” (Levy, 2009). In the beginning of the movie Last Vegas (2013), a stereotype embodiment is being displayed through the words expressed by Archie’s son. He stated that “[Archie], is not supposed to lift anything heavy, the only thing [he] needs to do is to relax.” (Last