Joshua J. Castro
Professor Iyer
Pol-1
10 October 2014
Episode – 05
An Analysis of Michael Sandel 's Justice Can the value of human life be determined by dollars and cents? Is one life more valuable than another, or can one be tossed aside like the leftover change someone receives after buying a hamburger from McDonald 's? Placing a monetary value on someone 's life is nearly impossible to do, as can be seen in Episode 05 of Michael Sandel 's Justice series. Episode 05 is split into two parts, both involving how to determine if a price can be placed on the life of a fellow human being. Part one discusses whether or not it is acceptable to pay someone else to take one 's place during military conscription, while part two focuses on whether or not paying for a surrogate mother or father is in fact a monetary transaction of human life. The transaction of human life seems to be morally wrong, but at the same time can be justified. Are human lives simply a figure that can be determined by someone who is paid to see how much someone is worth, or how much someone will be worth? Although the life of someone can be objectively valued, a human life should not be monetarily valued for any reason. The first part of this lecture discussed whether or not someone 's draft rights can be sold to another willing to accept payment for their substitution of service. Sandel states the fact that steel titan, Andrew Carnegie, sold his draft rights to another citizen to take his place
John F. Kennedy once said, '' Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country." On the other hand, ''the draft whether for military purpose or some form of national service, violates the basic moral principles of individual liberty upon which this country was found ''(Paul). As you can see the topic can be opinionated in different ways of preservatives so that's why this research paper will help you explore the history, controversial aspect, people involved, possible solutions, and a conclusion for the military draft.
Slavery was at the root of the case of Dred Scott v. Sandford. Dred Scott sued his master to obtain freedom for himself and his family. His argument was that he had lived in a territory where slavery was illegal; therefore he should be considered a free man. Dred Scott was born a slave in Virginia around 1800. Scott and his family were slaves owned by Peter Blow and his family. He moved to St. Louis with them in 1830 and was sold to John Emerson, a military doctor. They went to Illinois and the Wisconsin territory where the Missouri Compromise of 1820 prohibited slavery. Dred Scott married and had two
How to become a good justice, especially a Supreme Court Justice, whose decision can hugely affect the interpretation of constitution in the subsequent cases around the country. In Tinker v. Des Moines, justice Fortas provided a great example of how to become a good justice. The majority opinion in Tinker v. Des Moines makes a reasonable, coherent and solid argument, which is stronger than the dissent in the decision.
Conscription, or more boldly the draft, has not been in place for some thirty years. While some people cringe at the thought of reinstating the draft, others have different views. This short paper will speak of those different views and the reasons why conscription of military service may not be such a bad idea after all.
The Military Draft has been a major part in United States history. The draft has been used in four different conflicts in the United States of America. It was used in Both world wars, the Civil war, and the Cold war. It might have been effective during these times, but it also causes great corruption and sacrifice. It caused families to lose their sons and friends. Many people lied about their age to join the war, and they were too young and didn’t understand the consequences of war. War is never a good thing to be in, in any circumstance. It this paper I will give you reasons why we don’t need a United States draft. As Americans we have to be thankful that we have a strong and productive Military, so we can have our freedom and safety in times of need.
The article “What is a Life Worth?” By Amanda Ripley gives support to Feinberg on the issue of placing a value on a human life. Ripley includes evidence of two different social class families the Sparacio family and the Fields family. Sparacio family included a current trader and a part-time school psychologist as the occupation of the parents. While the Fields family only had one income which was from a security guard. Even though the Sparacio family holds a higher social class than the Fields family, The Fields were awarded $444,010 due to having three more children than the twin two-year-old sparacio family which were only awarded a small compensation of $138,000. The widow Cheri Sparacio states “This was just one screw-up after another”
Throughout human history, war has permeated the lives of billions of people. From early conflicts such as conquests to control vast swaths of land by Alexander the Great and Cyrus the Great to modern, global wars such as the World Wars, the concept of war has been at the forefront of humanity’s mind for centuries. However, in recent years, opposition to war and lack of participation in the military has become a common theme in many countries, including the United States. To help alleviate the troubles caused by lack of participation, the United States instituted a law allowing for the conscription of its citizens. Conscription, which can also be referred to as a draft, is defined as the compulsory drafting of citizens into military service (What). The Draft has been utilized throughout US History in a couple of prominent wars; however, opposition has manifested against the Vietnam War and the draft, rightfully stemming from ethical opposition to the war and hatred for what the war and the draft stood for.
The term justice is used in some of America's most treasured and valued documents, from the Pledge of Allegiance, to the Constitution, and the Declaration of Independence. Everyone wants to be treated justly whether it's in the courtroom or the local bar. Most people would feel confident giving a definition for justice, but would it be a definition we could universally agree to? Given that justice is a very common term, and something we all want, it's important to have a precise definition. For hundreds of years philosophers have argued, debated, and fought over this topic. Justice can clearly be defined as the intention to conform to truth and fairness. This is true justice.
The conventional accounts of Justice normally begin by stating a fundamental rule of Aristotle – Justice is to treat equals equally and unequals unequally, and that unequal treatment should be in proportion to the inequality. In everyday life though, justice is seen as an attribute of law, while all laws are not necessarily just. Many great socio- political movements of the world have focused from time to time on unjust laws eg Apartheid laws in South Africa and Caste laws in India. Impartiality and fairness are understood to be the two aspects of justice. But it would be misleading to suggest that Justice refers solely to the fair application of a rule.
Rawls’ Theory of Justice and Neoclassical theory are similar, but not fundamentally compatible. While Rawls does spend a lot of time focusing on specialization and private ownership, both of which Adam Smith and the neoclassical school strongly endorse. However, there are certain contradictions between the Rawls’ Theory of Justice and neoclassical thought that Bradford brings up in his paper “The Economics of Rawlsian Justice: Can it be Neoclassical?”. These contradictions are mainly the disparities in the assumed world in that are essential to both ways of thinking. Without assuming the same characteristics in the world you are analyzing, it is impossible to verify that the two ways of thought coincide. Rawls’ theory assumes that
In this analysis we analyze chapters one, two and three from the text What Is Community Justice by David R. Karp and Todd R. Clear. We will then break down a specific case from a chapter in this text. The first chapter is about a placed called Ventura County and in this chapter it also discusses the theory of community justice as a whole as well as the community justice model. Chapter two is a bit broader and discusses neighborhood probation offices, the philosophy behind them and their current purpose and expansion. The third chapter which is also the chapter where the analysis takes place is about one specific case and an encounter. It starts off by pointing out a fairly small issue and attempting to address the issue but when examined more closely they discover major issues here and are now faced with a much larger problem than originally thought. The people of Vermont needed to build a new prison without taking away the funding for their school system or release violent and serious criminals back onto the streets but did not know which was the lessor of the two evils and needed help and needed it quick.
John Rawls is a world renowned, American political philosopher of the twentieth century. His views on the state of nature, society, and politics were much more distinct from previous philosophers, and his more modern or progressive life experiences can contribute to the separation between him and others, such as Aristotle, Hobbes, or Rousseau. However, he does have certain ideas and point of views that correlate with the views of those that Immanuel Kant expresses, and more specifically Rawls was greatly influenced by Immanuel Kant by his conclusions in moral philosophy and autonomous law. Rawls takes both from historical knowledge and modern experiences to shape his ideas, and he articulates them through one of his most influential books, A Theory of Justice. Through this book he describes the structure or origin of the social-contract tradition in a different view by arguing on behalf of political society through a more liberalism tradition. For example, one of his most distinct views is the role of an original position in the social contract The original position is a model of impartiality is based from the ‘veil of ignorance”, the principle of rational within individuals, and the idea that individuals choose from self-interest, and as such the individuals who derive the social contract will obtain the most just, equal, and fair society in all political, social and economic aspects of society. Although Rawls has various strong objections on his views to the original
In Rawls’ book titled A Theory of Justice, Rawls aims to develop a theory of justice that brings new ideas and concepts to the traditional doctrines of philosophy. Rawls’ theory, justice as fairness, wishes to take the ideas of traditional social contract theories to a higher level of abstraction. His theory is thoroughly explained through a pre-societal position called the original position, the notion of the veil of ignorance, and the two principles of justice.
John Rawls was known by many as one of the greatest American political philosophers of the twentieth century. He is well known for his published work called the Theory of Justice. In this book, he tried to explain the political structures that are designed by society for its citizens. He considered his theory as a guide to preserving social justice and individual liberty. In this essay, I will explain Rawls philosophy on the principles of justice, the veil of ignorance and provide my criticisms to his theories.
Rawls’ basic procedure for determining which laws are fair is the “justice as fairness”. Everyone agrees to follow principles that they would bring into a society and participate (Rader, n.d.). Rawls’ basic procedure is based on Kant’s theory based on our thinking compared to others. It also, revives the Social Contract Theory. It revives the Social Contract theory on how laws are seen. To decide if the laws are fair, they have to be unbiased (Rader, n.d.). Rawls suggests people do this is by making use of a theoretical device called “the original position (Rader, n.d.). Rawls used the original position to start his way of thinking. The qualities that describe a person, race, gender, and strength are all unknown to people. They could be wealthy or poor, white or black, strong or weak and not know it. People who are in the