Heart and Mind Combined in “Learning to Read”
In the essay “The Median Isn’t The Message” Stephen Jay Gould states that the “Heart and head are focal points of one body, one personality” (166). Gould’s idea that the heart and head are of one body are also shared in Fredrick Douglas’s essay “Learning to Read”. Douglas demonstrates Gould’s idea by sharing his struggles to become educated as a black slave in the 1800’s. In his essay, Douglas’s links heart and mind by showing his passion for learning and by his appeal to people 's emotions for encouraging them to question slavery.
Fredrick Douglas demonstrates the unity of heart and mind by his passion for learning. His appetite for knowledge all started when his mistress taught him the alphabet. She gave him the basic tools to learn and once she had “given [him] the inch, and no precaution could prevent [him] from taking the ell” (127). When he had the tools to learn, it ignited a passion to further his education. Because it was unlawful to educate a slave during this time period, Douglas’ master was fearful of giving him opportunities to learn, therefore, “[he] was narrowly watched. If [he] was in a separate room any considerable length of time, [he] was sure to be suspected of having a book . . . however, was too late” (126). Even though Douglas was heavily watched it did not stop him from finding new ways to continue his learning. He stole bread so that he could go into town to trick “poor white children” into giving him
Fredrick Douglas was born a slave. In his narrative, Mr. Douglass explains how his mistress took an interest in him. Mrs. Auld would teach Mr. Douglass how to read, but was forbidden to continue by her husband, Mr. Auld. Mr. Auld explained to his wife, teaching a slave to read and write would make him unmanageable and unfit to be a slave. It was at this very moment Frederick Douglas learned whites held slaves back by depriving them of an education and literacy.
Although Douglass’ desire to develop the mind was strong, he didn’t always have it. It wasn’t until Mr. Auld had chastised Mrs. Auld for teaching him the alphabets that he really felt the aspiration to read. Douglass said, “That which to him was a great evil, to be carefully
Once returned the third time his master brought the argument for slavery to the slave. The slave disposed the master’s argument and replied with something so “smart and impressive” says Douglas that the conversation results in the master voluntary releasing the slave. This was the hope that Frederick Douglas needed to continuity living under his oppressors. He was gaining the proof that “the power of truth over the conscience of even a slaveholder. A bold denunciation of slavery and a powerful vindication of human rights.” What his mistresses’ husband hoped to rob from the slaves was their intelligence and knowledge of human right. Something as a society today we value highly of. We are encouraged to go to school and get the grades to earn the degree that would allow us to work the dream job we desire. The trials Fredrick had gone through as a slave trying to have an education should be encouragement that with dedication any person can achieve what they set out to learn. If he was able to learn in secret and at adolescence discovered a means to end that leaves no excuse for an unhappy adult with a dead end job to return to school to obtain a better position. After learning to read Frederick felt it was double edge sword he was now aware of his terrible placement in the world and began to feel envious of his fellow
1. Douglass taught himself how to read and write. At first, Douglass’s mistress taught him how to read the alphabet before her husband prohibited her from doing this. After that he started to teach himself how to read by reading books and newspapers, and how to write by copying his little Master Thomas’s written in the spaces left in the copy-book when his mistress goes to the class meeting every monday afternoon. However his most successfully way of teaching himself how to read was to make friends with the white boys whom he met in the street. He bribes them with food to get them to teach him. He also learned how to read and understand the meaning of the name on the timber.
At a young age, Douglass learns he must pursue knowledge and education to emancipate himself from slavery. Shortly after arriving at his new master’s home, the master’s wife, Mrs. Auld, teaches him the alphabet and how to spell. Mr. Auld forbids his wife to continue teaching as it is “unlawful, as well as unsafe, to teach a slave to read” and having that knowledge would “forever unfit him to be a slave” (pg. 48). This confession opens Douglass’
Reading opened his eyes to his “wretched condition” (2057) and he longed for independence and freedom. He did not desire this for himself alone, but also for his fellow slaves. He “imbue[d] their minds with thoughts of freedom” and sought to “impress them with the gross fraud and inhumanity of slavery” (2077). Douglass took the lead in devising the plans of escape; his skill in reading and writing was instrumental in his plans. While at Master Hugh’s, Douglass acquired the copy-books of his master’s son, Thomas. He taught himself to write and soon “could write a hand very similar to that of Master Thomas” (2059). This ability helped Douglass to formulate the plan of escape from Mr. Hamilton. He wrote several “protections” for himself and the other runaways under the name of Mr. Hamilton’s. Though this escape attempt was unsuccessful, it is a testimony to the Douglass’ genius which would not have existed without his education. His ability to read and write planted the desire for freedom and enabled him to attempt to achieve it.
As soon as Douglass pieces together what Mr. Auld was saying he recognizes that “What he most dreaded, that I most desired. What he most loved, that I most hated. That which to him was a great evil, to be carefully shunned, was to me a great good, to be diligently sought; and the argument which he so warmly urged, against my learning to read, only served to inspire me with a desire and determination to learn.” (Douglass 38). This instant illustrates one of the first climaxes of the narrative. One statement made by Mr. Auld so greatly impacted Douglass by giving him a new sense of hope and will to succeed in obtaining his freedom. Douglass pulls out the positive in this experience, that Mr. Auld accidentally shared with him the power that comes with education. “In learning to read, I owe almost as much to the bitter opposition of my master, as to the kindly aid of my mistress. I acknowledge the benefit of both” (Douglass 39). Douglass learned to read not only in thanks to his kind mistress, who willingly taught him to read, but also to his cruel master whose rage towards Douglass learning to read and write generated him to give Douglass the knowledge he wanted to keep from him to begin with. The lesson given to him by his master about education was far more important than even the lesson’s on learning to read. Douglass’s use of chiasmi takes this climax to the
It is at this time that Frederick Douglass learns one of the greatest freedoms of all. He is set free, in an educational sense. Douglass has been taught a few reading lessons form his mistress. Soon after his master discovers this, and commences the teaching at once. Soon thereafter, Frederick Douglass uses some smart tactics to resume his learning. He in a sense manipulates the children around him into teaching him how to read and write. This grand achievement taught Douglass something, as he says, “From that moment, I understood the pathway from slavery to freedom. It was just what I wanted, and
In The Life of Frederick Douglass An American Slave, written by himself the author asserts that the way to enslave someone is to keep them from learning at all. Douglass supports his claim by, first, when Frederick was small he was never able to tell his age or the date, and secondly, they were never allowed to be taught how to read that was something always hidden from him as a young child. The author’s purpose is to inform the reader that as a slave there were so many things they were not allowed to have that we may take for granted, in order to make it very clear that we should not take our education and opportunities for granted. Based on The Life Of Frederick Douglass An American Slave, Douglass is writing for the white people who believed that slavery was right, he wanted to make it very clear that the slaves and Douglass had nothing handed to them.
In the extract “Learning to Read and Write,” Frederick Douglass tells the intended audience about his experiences as a slave living in his master’s house and how he went through many trials to learn to read and write. In this excerpt, Frederick Douglass uses imagery, contrast, pathos, ethos, logos, an empathic tone, certain verb choice, and metaphors to inform African Americans of how crucial it is to learn how to read and write and to inform an audience of caucasian Americans of the wrongdoings that slavery has brought about. Frederick Douglass is often persuasive using pathos to get across to the intended audiences.
Fredrick Douglass’s “Learning to Read and Write”, gives readers insight into the struggles of being a slave with intelligence, but more importantly into his experience. In his essay, Douglass shows how he fought to obtain knowledge; however, a reading of his story will reveal that what he learned changed him for the better. Michael Scott, a former EOF student read the story and believed that Douglass’s intelligence was a destructive and to a certain degree pointless. Contrary to Scott’s statement, Douglass’s knowledge wasn’t more of a curse than a blessing. Being a slave was everyone’s curse. Douglass went into depression because he hadn’t had the same experience as other slaves and finally felt what it was really like to be a slave when he was punished for his knowledge. However just because his knowledge is what got him into trouble doesn’t necessarily make him, being an intelligent slave; a curse nor does it mean that he had absolutely no alternatives to his condition. In fact, he above most other slaves had the upper hand when it came to creating his own alternative. Douglass’s intelligence helped him become autodidactic, manipulate situations to benefit him, and develop an ambition to become free.
In a Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave written by himself, the author argues that no one can be enslaved if he or she has the ability to read, write, and think. Douglass supports his claim by first providing details of his attempts to earn an education, and secondly by explaining the conversion of a single slaveholder. The author’s purpose is to reveal the evils of slavery to the wider public in order to gain support for the abolition of his terrifying practice. Based on the purpose of writing the book and the graphic detail of his stories, Douglass is writing to influence people of higher power, such as abolitionists, to abolish the appalling reality of slavery; developing a sympathetic relationship with the
Frederick Douglass’ biography revolves around the idea of freedom. After seeing a traumatizing incident as a child, Douglass slowly begins to realize that he is not a free human being, but is a slave owned by other people. He is surrounded by a society that devalues him and people like him, and systematically worked to keep them ignorant and submissive. In this society, it is made clear that no slave is special, and everyone is replaceable. Rather than accept this, Douglass struggles to maintain what little autonomy he was allowed to have. When his one of his masters, Thomas Auld, bans his mistress, Sophia, from teaching Douglass how to read, Douglass learned from the young boys on the street. His biography shows him transforming from an ignorant child into his older, more learned self.
Northup, being educated before his capture, was fortunate enough to use his wit. His creative mind invented strategies to aid his owners, coining him as the smartest of the slaves. Combined with his knowledge of the violin, he was able to escape the harsher work of the average slave, and make some money on the side. Yet, the most significant resource was his literacy, and it is with the letters he sent to the North that he gained his freedom. Similarly, it becomes a turning point for Frederick Douglass when he realizes each slave owners fear that if their men and women learn to read and write, their minds will soon entertain other concepts, such as liberty. He thinks, “to make a contented slave, it is necessary to make a thoughtless one… He must be able to detect no inconsistencies in slavery; he must be made to feel that slavery is right.” In rebellion to that enlightenment, Douglass achieves literacy and becomes conscious of the evils of slavery, making awareness the first step in his fight against it. He continues to use his knowledge to write passes for himself and the others that he teaches to escape alongside
For about seven years Fredrick Douglass was a slave owned by Master Hugh. While he was with the Hugh family, Mistress Hugh felt he needed to learn to read. She didn’t want anyone else to teach him and she took it upon herself to do so. Mistress Hugh didn’t know that it was not appropriate to teach slaves to learn to read and write. She was a kind and gentle person who only to help. It wasn’t long before Master Hugh told Mistress Hugh that wasn’t the way to treat slaves and to stop teaching him. She listened to her husband and stopped. By this time it was too late, Fredrick had already learned to read. Mistress Hugh saw him reading the newspaper and snatched it from him. She had taught him the alphabet, which was the first step in learning