Aneurysms Essay

• The accumulation of blood within the cranium, due either to head trauma or flaws in the cerebral vasculature

* Cerebrovascular Disease: More commonly known as stroke cerebrovascular disease can be cause by either a colt or blockage that cuts off blood flow to a part of the brain or by haemorrhage. In both cases there is damage or death of the brain tissue that can cause paralysis, speech disorder, swallowing problems and immobility. People with diabetes and high blood pressure are at higher risk of stroke.

There are three types of strokes that cause changes to the brain: Hemorrhagic stroke,Intracerebral hemorrhage and Transient ischemic attack (TIA). Ischemic stroke is the most common form of stroke, accounting for around 87% of strokes.

A blockage in the blood vessels that carry blood to the back of the brain (vertebrobasilar arteries).

A CVA occurs when a part of the brain is damaged or destroyed due to an interruption of blood flow to the area resulting in brain cell death (Martini, Nath & Bartholomew 2015 pp. 496-470).There are two main types of a CVA, Ischaemic stroke and Haemorrhagic stroke (AIHW 2013). The most common cause of stroke is ischaemic, which can be caused by embolism/thrombosis (AIHW 2013). An embolism/thrombosis occurs when there is a clot in an artery or vein, which stops blood flow to the brain (AIHW 2013). A haemorrhagic stroke is when an artery ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding brain tissue (AIHW 2013). This form of stroke occurs when blood pools and forms a clot therefore putting pressure on the area of the brain depriving it of oxygen and nutrients it needs to remain healthy (AIHW 2013).

It is “a sudden loss of function resulting from disruption of the blood supply to a part of a brain” (Hincle & Cheever, 2014). The type of stroke Patient S experienced was assumed to be from hyperlipidemia. An atherosclerotic plaque can form in the large blood vessels in the brain. When the plaque become big enough, it can rupture or a small bit may break off and flow into small arteries, which may block the smaller artery. If the artery is occluded, blood cannot flow to certain parts of the brain and an ischemic stroke can occur. Hypertension is a major risk for strokes as well as atrial fibrillation. These diseases increase the risk of an emboli or plaque

Occurs when there is intracranial bleedinginto thee cerebro-spinalfluidd- filled the space betweenarcaned andPiaamaterr membrane on the brain surface figure (9). The main cause to SAH remains a rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. Aneurysm (is a balloon on the blood vessel 's side as a result

This patient most likely has a extradural (epidural) hematoma and the temporal fossa is the most common site of this type of hematoma caused by “injury to the middle meningeal artery or vein”(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 584). “Expanding high-volume epidural hematomas can produce a midline shift and cause herniation of the brain. Compressed cerebral tissue can impinge on the third cranial nerve resulting in pupillary dilation and contralateral hemiparesis or extensor motor response”(Price, 2014, p. 3). Extradural hematomas are medical emergencies and surgical intervention is needed to remove the clot and reduce the pressure on the brain. Whether treated or untreated, this type of hematoma has an elevated risk of brain damage. However, left untreated, patients with extradural hematomas have a high risk of

Damage to your arteries - High blood pressure can damage the cells of your arteries' inner lining. And over time, the constant pressure of blood moving through a weakened artery can cause a section of its wall to enlarge and form a bulge (an aneurysm). An aneurysm can potentially rupture and cause life-threatening internal bleeding. Aneurysms can form in any artery throughout your body, but they're most common in your body's largest artery (aorta).

The sudden death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen, caused by blockage of blood flow or rupture of an artery to the brain. Sudden loss of speech, weakness, or paralysis of one side of the body can be symptoms. A suspected stroke may be confirmed by scanning the brain with special X-ray tests, such as CAT scans. The death rate and level of disability resulting from strokes can be dramatically reduced by immediate and appropriate medical care. Prevention involves minimizing risk factors, such as controlling high blood pressure and diabetes. Abbreviated CVA. Also known as cerebrovascular.

Tidy’s studies, this type of stroke is caused when an artery in the brain ruptures or leaks blood causing there to be pressure thus damaging the brain cells and causing tissue death.(See Figure 2) Tidy explains that ruptures are caused by conditions such as, hypertension, trauma, blood-thinning medication, or aneurysms (weakness in blood vessels walls). Hemorrhagic strokes are classified as either an intracerebral or a subarachnoid hemorrhagic strokes. An Intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke is the most common. Tidy explains that these are usually caused by leaking blood vessels in the brain. Intracerebral strokes are usually caused by high blood pressure and aging blood vessels. An intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke can also be caused by an

Cerebrovascular disease is “any abnormality of the brain caused by a pathologic process in the blood vessels.” (McCance, 2015) Aneurysms and strokes or cerebrovascular accidents encompass this category. There are three categories of strokes: ischemic (thrombotic or embolic), global hypoperfusion, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Thrombotic strokes are caused by arterial occlusions from blood clots formed in the arteries supplying the brain or in the intracranial vessels (McCance, 2015). The development of blood clots or thrombi in the venous channels of the brain is called cerebral thrombosis. Cerebral thrombosis is mostly ascribed to atherosclerosis and inflammatory disease processes that damage arterial walls. Inadequate cerebral perfusion creates damage in the arterial walls where platelets and fibrin attach to forming a thrombus. “Portions of the clot detach and travel up the vessel to distant sites where occlusion occurs, producing a stroke syndrome.” (McCance, 2015) An embolic stroke occurs when a fragment that breaks from a thrombus outside of the brain occludes a cranial artery, usually the middle cerebral artery.

The most common causes of DCA are head injuries (TBI), stroke (CVA or stroke), brain tumors, cerebral anoxia and brain infections.

Hemorrhagic strokes occur when blood vessels to the brain leak blood or burst open, the blood puts pressure onto the brain as it spreads and fills the crevices between the skull and the brain until the person has a stroke. The leaking of blood, or the bursting open of the blood vessels can be caused by hypertension, trauma, blood thinning medication, and aneurysms (Mcintosh 13). There are two common types of Hemorrhagic strokes, the most common one is Intracerebral Hemorrhagic, and the other less common type is Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic (Mcintosh 14). In an Intracerebral Hemorrhagic brain tissue is flooded with blood when a blood vessel bursts open (Mcintosh 14). However, in a Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic stroke, bleeding occurs in the subarachnoid space (area between the brain and the tissue it covers) (Mcintosh 14). Hemorrhagic strokes are preventable as they are caused by treatable conditions such as high blood pressure (Mcintosh

[1] Unassociated aneurysms: this type of aneurysm occurs on the circle of Willis in a location that is not associated hemodynamically with the