Annotated Bibliography

Censorship in China has gained much attention recently because of the conflict between Google and the Chinese government’s self-censorship policies. In fact, censorship has been practiced since ancient China and the intensity only increases by the years. Nowadays, the most notable measure of censorship is being done on the Internet. More and more restrictions have been put into actions by the Chinese government, which make the life of Chinese Internet users, the Chinese netizens, very inconvenient. With the intensity of censorship increasing and the censoring technology improving, Internet censorship has mainly negative effects on Chinese society.

With so many different interests come those with harmful intent. Deibert and Rohozinski go into great detail about the use of malware software to collect private information from unsuspecting users. Also, the cyberspace has been a growing network of cybercrime and cyber-espionage. However, they argue that the web can and should be regulated. The government is able to act as a filter for what information internet users are able to view through their various forms of regulation. For instance, legal measures legitimize the actions of governments in issues of copyright and blasphemy. The government can also ask a private actor to censor information on their websites through informal requests. They can even disable or attack content at times through “just-in-time blocking”. These filters are needed and surely justified because the cyberspace can nurture harmful ideas and activity without governance. While some libertarians may prefer for the web to free from governmental regulation, they fail to realize the cyberspace won’t be a safe medium to share information or express one’s views without

The internet is a diverse pool of information that anyone nowadays can have access to. One of the more controversial topics that involves the internet, is the censorship of the internet. Internet censorship can be defined as the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published or viewed on the internet. It’s been hot topic in recent years because many government organizations have been trying to pass many reforms to help push the censorship of the internet, either directly or indirectly. Things like Net neutrality and SOPA/PIPA have been playing major roles in censorship of the internet. They show how both private companies and the government want to suppress our use of the internet as well as what we can do on it.

Throughout the world, censorship has been used as a tool to control and manipulate citizens in different governments. This type of government censorship has been a topic of many totalitarian governments and dictatorships currently and throughout history. However, history has proven that censorship is an opposition to human rights, since it provides the government a way to oppress its citizens without being held accountable. Censorship also provides a way for the government to discriminate against minorities and mistreat journalists. The overall issues regarding censorship is that it has negative effects on the society in which it is implemented by allowing government oppression and taking away

The Internet has quickly become a worldwide resource for news, current affairs and freedom of speech, but in many places across the world, censorship restricts this freedom and access. Different governments all have different approaches regarding censorship, and these methods have both a positive and a negative impact on society. Censorship can also be used to protect people, as it can prevent people from seeing explicit content or being exposed to certain types of media at a young age.

Internet censorship in China, South Africa and other countries is something that prohibits real discussion from taking place regarding issues that affect the public. For instance, in China, certain key word searches are automatically filtered out so that users cannot find the information they are seeking. While Internet censorship may be good from one perspective (in terms of stemming the flow of child pornography, curbing false information, or putting a nation’s interests first), it can be viewed as bad from another perspective (in terms of cutting down on the opportunity to inform sides of a dialogue, promoting free exchange of ideas, or discussing why one form of pornography is allowed but not another). This paper will show why Internet censorship can be interpreted in both positive and negative ways depending on the perspective that one adopts (whether one is pro-Statist or anti-Statist). In short, pros and cons depend wholly upon one’s worldview and outlook.

(Hentoff 12) The largest controversy that surrounds censoring the Internet is what information should be considered “offensive”. The Internet can be viewed in many different ways. It can be considered a carrier of common data, similar to a phone company, which must ignore what is broadcast for privacy reasons. Or, it can be considered a distributor and broadcaster of information, much like a television or radio station, which is responsible for what it broadcasts and has to conform to federal standards and regulations. This argument is the main concern of the censorship matter. “The Internet is a carrier of information, and not a broadcaster, since it only provides the basic structure for information transfer and sharing. (“Cyberchaos”) But this angers lawmakers. The current laws existing today do not apply well to the Internet. The Internet cannot be viewed as one type of transfer medium under current broadcast definitions (“Muzzling the Internet”). One large difference that sets the Internet apart from a broadcasting media is the fact that one can’t stumble across a vulgar or obscene site without first entering an address or following a link from another page. There are exceptions, of course, but for the most part, if one wants to find “dirty” material on the Internet, they have to go out and look for it. “The Internet is much more like going into a bookstore and

Besides, the Australian government’s internet censorship plan has disadvantages. First one, internet filter plan degrades the free speech for all Australian internet users. In 2007 Australian government have the third version of ‘plan for cyber-safety’ that includes a mandatory ISP-level filter (Internet Service Provider). The government has committed $125.8 million in four years for two tired filter systems. The first compulsory system is an ISP-level filter for all houses based on the Australian Communication and Media Authority (ACMA) “blacklist” of Refused Classification (RC) websites. Another one is a series of grants to encourage ISPs to offer a filter for additional content, such as X-rated pornography and gambling sites (Levin J, 2010). The RC material being caught in the filter may contain the information on topics which adults and even children may simply want to engage in some debate such as euthanasia, safe injecting procedures, abortion or even graffiti. These are grey areas in what may be considered banned material. Many opponents considered doing this would attack on free speech in the Australian society (Levin J, 2010). Another disadvantage is the cost of applying the internet filter plan is too high, this will affect to the internet users have to pay higher price. ISPs will have

Internet censorship is an ineffective method in concealing information to the public. The Internet contains an abundance of information easily accessible to individuals around the world, thus

In this essay I would like to discuss freedom of speech, moreover, how does the internet facilitate it. The right to

As the Internet has become more widely recognized and used by people all over the world, it has brought a new medium in which information can very easily be broadcast to everyone with access to it. In 1995 there was a projected 26 million Internet users, which has grown to almost 300 million today. One major problem with this is that everyone represents different countries and provinces which have different outtakes on certain types of freedom of speech as well as different laws about it. This proposes a new type of law that would need to be written in order to determine whether or not something is illegal on the Internet. A person in one country can express what they want to, but

With the advent of the World Wide Web, we have access to more information than we ever have before. Whether our desire is for recipes, yesterday’s sporting event, or even governmental documents, we need only to perform a quick search and we will be presented with everything we needed. But, with all of this new access to information, governments like China have cracked down on their country’s Internet access. We as US citizens have our access largely uncensored. As I continued to research this topic, though, I found that the Internet is more censored and far less anonymous than we think.

Internet intermediaries refer to numbers of social platforms help in the information transmission process of Internet (OECD, 2011). It is indubitable that Internet intermediaries play an essential role in the free flow of information vie Internet, because those platforms enables users to access, share and create information which implicate the right of freedom of expression. Under the economic motivations, policy principles for Internet intermediary platforms are not just take account of expression of freedom on the Internet, which also be influenced by related laws and local police. In general, Internet intermediary platforms appropriate uses’ involvement and collaboration, but they also tend to fully control the products generated by users (David, 2014). Thus, Internet intermediary platforms are facing the dilemma between the protection free expression and the control free expression of Internet.

The Internet, a combination of technology, communication, and media, is a developing and unique medium in its infancy. Technology and tools of communication are still in the process of development as technology continues to advance. As a site of cultural, political, and ideological discussion, it has unquestionably contributed to a culture and lifestyle dependent on technology. The World Wide Web has reconfigured people’s perception of the world, allowing access to an extensive amount of information that previously has been inaccessible to them. In addition to enabling users to gain access to a plethora of information, the Internet is a tool of globalization in which ideas, knowledge, and thoughts are instantaneously shared on a worldwide scale. While some have portrayed the Internet as a powerful tool for free expression on the global network, others have highlighted the potential of networks with which the government can constrain the power of organizations through collective online actions and surveillance. With increasing advancements in technology comes greater and easier access to information and control. In a democratic nation, the Internet’s ability to facilitate access to information about another person violates privacy rights. With the Internet, existing laws are ambiguous about what standards apply for different kinds of surveillance.

Indonesia is one of the very peculiar and private countries in South East Asia. So are the telecommunication and broadcasting laws and orders. You all must have heard the news that the Indonesia’s Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT) had announced in 2016 that they have banned access to nearly 800,000 different websites. Even though the country follows a democratic mode of governance, there is almost no right to freedom of speech in their legal