Annotated Bibliography: Making Sense Of Digital Diplomacy

To begin with, globalization has furthered accessibility(SA1) to other groups and causes in many way. In Ariela Garvett essay “Tweets and Transitions: How the Arab Spring Reaffirms the Internet’s Democratizing Potential” Garvett argues that “as reflected in the recent political upheavals in North Africa and the Middle East, the internet is a potentially egalitarian and boundary-less structure...(174)

Due to the increase in the media’s use of the internet, the internet has resulted in an increase of influence over politics in the United States. Due to the current influence the Internet has over the American society it has caused the open freedom of the internet to influence politics, led to fake news stories which can effect public opinion, , and a rise of social media which results in a rise to political opinions.

The Internet has been changing the world since it is created. As a part of new media, social media is a fundamental shift in the way we communicate. It has been helped to create a digital global village that 26% of the world’s population is using social media and the number is keep increasing. (Qualman, 2013) This essay will attempt to discuss how has the social media changed the public sphere, mainly focus on the improvement of public participation, social relations and information dissemination. Also Mainland China is taken as an example to show that social media enabling democracy in a developing country. Social media is also being used in good ways to spread information. There are some disadvantages to be analyzed, too. The issues like lack of privacy, social media violence and social media out of control will be discussed in this essay.

Gladwell sends a very strong message about how social media cannot cause a major revolution in society; likewise, Baron is sending across the same message. Revolutions continue even after the internet is shut down. As crowds gathered in Cairo’s Tahrir Square, Baron describes how they “continued to grow during the five days that the Mubarak government shut down the internet” (330). The crowds increased in size without the help of social media. Somehow, word got out and people came to support the cause. Also, Baron brings into realization that Americans are too involved in the world of social media. Americans fail to realize all of the news that they are missing because they “can’t seem to survive without the constant stimulus of digital multitasking” (Baron 330). American citizens are too busy tweeting about what they ate for breakfast to worry about the hungry that is going on overseas. They depend on social networking to tell them the news rather that picking up a newspaper and reading about what is going on in their country or maybe even overseas in a different country.

One detrimental consequence of the technological society we live in is the development of new power struggles that reveal themselves in the digital divide. In the dawning of the technological age that has brought us into a globalized

Nicholas Carr’s “How technology created a global village -- and put us all at each other’s throats”, conveys the message that technology was contrived to join people together, but all it is doing is disjointing them. Conversely, a dark place was shaped online, over the years, and there is no sign of the situation resolving.

Another new trend changing the world is the Internet. The Internet has revolutionized everyone’s daily lives. From a foreign policy

Information technology has changed the context in which governments must operate. Individual citizens and groups now have the ability to quickly organize and contest or influence the direction and mode of governance. From 24/7 news to flash mobs to blogs to political tell-alls, the rapid flow of information demands rapid results from systems of governance. How has information technology compressed the ability of governments and organizations across the board to implement long-term strategic planning? How has information technology redefined sovereign and cultural borders? How can the government leverage information technology to “fight back”? What kinds of skills and resources are needed by both the people sending the message

As the internet age blossoms in the twenty-first century, news and information is becoming available to anyone at anytime with just the click of a button. Almost all preceding forms of media can be found in this one, worldwide medium. Newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and more are all being transferred to the internet to allow for more readers, viewers, or listeners. This new level of access brings the question: How much involvement should the government have in this distribution of media? In the United States, many people value this freedom of information above all else, however, in other nations around the world, citizens are not allowed this liberty. For example, the governments of China and Iran continue to censor media

Countries of the global economy conduct interlocked business among others, and they do it on scales massive enough to create co-dependencies in so many different ways. It’s a small world that’s too big to fail, and the internet is making it even smaller. The transatlantic (across the Atlantic Ocean) economy, functioning only in the most ideal way, is to help create mutual job growth and increased productivity between the US and Europe. Now the very substantial digital aspect of this economic relationship has been compromised by a recent and serious disagreement. Many articles have already reported the Court Justice of the European Union’s (or CJEU, it’s the highest court of the European Union) ruling to discard the US-EU “Safe Harbor” process (I use the article by “PC world,” bibliography below). In order to understand the significance of “Safe Harbor,” the incentives for its development have to be examined first.

Theorists contend that representative government is headed for direct democracy by way of the Internet. Essentially what will happen is that representatives will no longer be needed because citizens will be able to use the Internet to make decisions. Grossman contends that “the more power [citizens] have to control their government and to involve themselves in making its decisions, the better” (41). Over the years citizens have been obtaining information through the media, newspapers, and other forms of mass media. The issues that arise with obtaining information through these sources are that the government can easily censor them. With the Internet comes “vastly expanded capacities for data collection, for computation, and for automation” (Kamark & Nye 22).

The almost omnipresent Internet transforms our lives, connecting us to family, friends, and the world in ways inconceivable only a few years ago. Through social media, we actively participate in creating, editing, and consuming a never-ending stream of data. Private corporations and protagonists of political or social change all vie to reach and engage highly targeted

From the advent of the Internet, there came with it the opportunity for any of its users to have access to any information they seeked right at their fingertips. With this access; entertainment, market opportunities, educational information, productivity, and global communication were able to grow and flourish, however with these gains seen came with it the weakening of the once secure national strength seen in nations. In the last two decades cyberspace has been defined as the 'fifth battleground’ for international relations, with the aspects of cyber war, cyber terrorism, and cybercrime as some of the largest threats to the security of the national and international community. (Popović, 2013) With this ‘fifth battleground’ of the cyberspace thrown into the international battlegrounds of old, its effectiveness and effect on the both the modern state and the international bodies of the world, posing the question of how will this increased accessibility to the cyberspace will affect national security in the coming years?

An Analysis of Joseph Nye’s Use of “Soft Power” and its Relationship with Morality in International Relations

In their article "Social Media and Public Administration: Theoretical Dimensions and Introduction to the Symposium,” published in 2011 in Administrative Theory & Praxis Vol. 33, Iss. 3, pp. 325-340, authors Thomas A. Bryer and Staci M. Zavatarro introduce the rising trend of social media use in public administration, in both government agencies and nonprofits. As public administration scholars and practitioners themselves, the authors sought to analyze these trends further, and to explore more comprehensively how social media technologies are utilized in public organizations, as well as these methods’ outcomes. The article is laid out as follows: First, the authors attempt to define social media; second, they identify common challenges and obstacles that public organizations face when utilizing social media tools ; and finally, they identify areas for future research. The authors hope that ultimately their research will provide assistance to those public administration practitioners interested in successfully utilizing social media.