Health Services
In South Africa there are vast range of services offered to the public related to their health, primarily these services are offered by the South African government under the public sector and private sector. According to PHNP (Physicians for national health program), there are 4200 public facilities with 110,143 bed capacity which ranges higher compared to private hospitals (1). There are almost 88 medical schemes implemented by the government with approximately eight million beneficiaries. South African government has took an initiative for universal health for all the citizens and proposed many programs which include:
1. Anti-Substance National Plan of Action- This Act is mainly concerned with the implementation of the
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5. Fixed-dose combination antiretrovirals- This program is initiated to reduce the number of antiretroviral drug doses instead a counted proportionate amount of each antiviral drugs are compacted in a single pill. This enables the burden of taking less number of pills who is on antiviral drug therapy.
6. National Health Insurance (NHI)- National Health Insurance is the south African government’s commitment towards their public and its primary goal is universal health coverage as well as providing affordable health services to all the citizens.
7. Integrated School Health Programme (ISHP)- This policy’s main goal is intended towards the improvement of general health of school children, maintaining sustainable environmental conditions in the schools and promoting health education to children.
8. HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) Campaign- This encourages the rural communities to participate in the counselling sessions and awareness programs related to HIV, treatment protocol and required measures to be taken in treatment procedure.
9. Albertina Sisulu Executive Leadership Programme in Health (ASELPH)- This program aims to strengthen health policies transformation, quality of health services in South Africa. It is a collaborative program with medical colleges in south Africa and emphasizes on human resource capacity in health system, providing cost effective treatment services and also promotes an
In our world each country has a set of standards to follow in order to establish health care insurance for people in different communities. The state contributes about 40% of all the expenditures on health while the public health sector delivers 80% of the population. Many resources are concentrated in the private health sector. These resources see to the health needs of the remaining 20% of the population. Public health consumes around 11% of the government’s total budget. The way the resources are allotted, and the standard of health care delivered, varies from country to country. Although there are similarities between South Africa and the United States regarding healthcare, South Africa remains at a lower
In 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse Act was passed in effort to stop the drug crisis. The Act was aimed towards accountability and zero-tolerance towards addicts.. Critics accused the government of spending too much on enforcing rather than educating and treatment. Its effects were similar to those of Prohibition so in 1988 the act was redone (Bondi 395).
An area that could cause problems with the Controlled Substance Act would be how states set the laws concerning the use of recreational marijuana. States like Colorado who have laws that allow the use of recreational marijuana have certain limits on plant count, usable product, assistance, applying for a red card, transferring marijuana and privacy (Black, 2014). It has been shown that in Colorado that the Colorado’s Marijuana Enforcement Division has not yet ordered testing of the cannabis that has been grown for mold or any other contaminants or for
Drug policy is a crucial topic in the country today. Substance abuse, as well as drug-related crime rates, are a huge problem. This is a fact. The way to fix the problem of substance abuse, however, is widely disagreed upon. Some think that stricter laws regarding drug possession and use would solve the problem, while others believe that loosening the restrictions would be a better option. The issue of legalizing drugs, especially marijuana, is one that is debated all the time. In fact, in 1995, a survey was conducted on the most important policy issues and eighty five percent of the country placed drugs at the top of the list (Falco 1996). Many states are actually beginning to decriminalize, and even
The aim of this policy is to reduce the number of people using illegal drugs and other harmful drugs and increase
On June 17th 1971, President Richard Nixon stood in front of congress and announced his widely criticized War on Drugs. The President claimed that drugs were the “Public Enemy Number One” among Americans. Fast-forward to 1986, Congress passed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986. This act placed mandatory minimum sentences on minor drug infractions. The war on drugs not only incarcerated a very high number of Blacks, but also tore families apart in an effort to clean up neighborhoods which still affect many African American families almost a half-century later.
The United states has taken consistent efforts to control the distribution and manufacture of medications and other drugs, with many efforts regulate possession importation and sales of various types of drugs. While there are several historic pieces of legislation that deal with the regulation and control of various substances, there is no other single piece of legislation that is an important and impactful to health care as the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. This essay will explore the history of this legislation, its purpose and passage from proposal to law. Some may argue American this is true for American society as a whole, because of the implementation of this law and the addition of the Drug enforcement Agency as the agency that
In 2010, the Obama Administration passed into law The Fair Sentencing Act, which directly targeted the harshly different punishments for people caught in possession of crack versus people caught in possession of cocaine and effectively overruled the punishments of each drug outlined in the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986. Immediately, there was discussion regarding the purpose and effectiveness of this act versus the 1986 act. The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986, although it was eagerly pursued and supported by black communities, has ultimately been accused of being indirectly, or purposefully, discriminatory towards African Americans. This law established shockingly different punishments for users of crack versus users of cocaine. As is commonly known and has been proven statistically, African Americans are more likely to consume crack than cocaine and are more likely to consume crack than any other race would.
I enjoyed reading your post. Is this an agency you are looking for employment with? The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) sound like an exciting job to have knowing that a person involved with that agency is doing something against the war on drugs. One of the great things that President Richard Nixon did was to sign the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act on in the late 1970’s. This Act involved Attorney General John Mitchell, who was head of the Justice Department at the time and directed to head the federal enforcement efforts against drugs. The act was known as the Controlled Substance Act. Following that the DEA was established in 1973 just as you put in your post. I find this agency well unknown to the public until
On January 17, 2006 in a 6-3 vote in favor of Oregon, the court declared that Congress intended the Controlled Substance Act (CSA) to only prevent doctors engaging in elicit dug activity and not to define the states standards of medical practices. Attorney General John Ashcroft made use of the CSA to prohibit certain medical practices illegitimate, including the allowance of doctors to prescribe lethal doses of medication to terminally ill patients (the Death with Dignity Act). The court’s ruling in favor of Oregon was a legitimate decision, because Attorney General John Ashcroft did not have the authority to declare certain medical practices illegitimate.
The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) gives certain bodies or individuals such as research scientists, pharmacies, doctors and manufacturers the legal right to access controlled substances.
The history of drug use dates back for thousands of years with diverse purposes throughout humanity. According to Levinthal (2012), the drug-taking behavior gained federal awareness in the early 1900s, due to the lack of drug control regulations. Moreover, Levinthal (2012) mentions four major drug control laws which were established, including: (1) The Harrison Narcotic Act 1914, (2) The Marijuana Tax Act 1937, (3) The Boggs Act 1951, and (4) The Controlled Substance Act 1970. The drug control laws formed help regulate importation, manufacture, selling, or distribution of drugs within the United States (Levinthal, 2012).
Users of the substance were addicted but they were also able to function and go back to work on the weekday. Law makers passed ordinances pertaining to smoking of opium in opium dens because they noticed that white females were gravitating to opium dens at increasing rates (Bobo & Thompson, 2006). The lawmakers suspected that the Chinese immigrants were having sexual relations with the white women. This anti-opium ordinance for the state of California led to Congress passing a nationwide law.
roll back the excesses of the drug war, block new, harmful initiatives, and promote sensible drug
Thereby, the ability of universal health coverage, is highly recognised when addressing health inequities, social determinants of health and human rights and it is heralded as “ the third global health transition” ( Rodin and deFerranti, 2012). Universal health Coverage is reflected in the UN sustainable development goals and is strongly encouraged due to its ability to provide an umbrella goal by including both, the millennium development goals (MDGS) as well as