Antikythera Case Study

Winston Churchill was the head of navy and Lord Kitchener, was the general commander of the war effort, who persuaded the attempt on the attack on the Dardanelles strait, a narrow stretched of water that linked the Aegean and Marmara Sea.

B. He said Great Britain is fighting for the survival in Europe so they will not send any more troops to help in BNA.

command. Although lives were lost in both tragedies, the incidents that occurred on the USS

Ford Island had been hit bomb and torpedoes. One of the ships the USS Arizona was

The Nevada would be the only battleship that managed to get moving that day (p. 244 SW). The ship was damaged, but moving became an absolute necessity due to the burning oil in the water that was getting too close to the ship (p. 244 SW). Once she was underway the ship drew the attention of the enemy planes (p.120 HPW). The planes hit the ship with several bombs, hoping that they could sink her and block the channel of the harbor (p. 120 HPW). They fortunately failed and the Nevada was eventually beached at Hospital Point (p. 120 HPW).

could not assault these positions due to foliage and inability to see the trench lines the enemy had

The Eastern Fleet was divided into Force A and Force B and March saw Revenge, as part of Force B, patrolling the waters south of Ceylon, sweeping east by day and west by night. By April, the Admiralty had realised that the Eastern Fleet was inferior in all respects to the fleet of the Imperial Japa-nese Navy. George Mason writes that the Revenge-class ships were “con-sidered more of a liability than an asset due to their slow speed and poor anti-aircraft armament,” and as result were withdrawn to Africa. Between May 1942 and July 1943, Revenge returned to defensive duties in the Indian Ocean, spending the period September-November 1942 in Durban un-dergoing further refits. In July 1943 Revenge was nominated to return home and she arrived in the Clyde on the 9th of September.

Typical of Japanese naval planning during the Second World War, Yamamoto's battle plan was quite complex.[15] Additionally, his designs were predicated on optimistic intelligence information suggesting USS Enterprise and USS Hornet, forming Task Force 16, were the only carriers available to the U.S. Pacific Fleet at the time. USS Lexington had been sunk and USS Yorktown severely damaged (and believed by the Japanese to have been sunk) at the Battle of the Coral Sea just a month earlier. The Japanese were also aware that USS Saratoga was undergoing repairs on the West Coast after taking torpedo damage from a submarine.

This victory would not have been possible without the vital support of these carriers across the Kokoda Trail. In addition to their contribution to the war effort, hundreds of Australian soldiers owe their lives to the sacrifice of the carriers who guided and carried them to safety over the jungle terrain in the most adverse of

Germany did not have a numerically superior force on the western front, but bold strategy, careful planning and blitzkrieg tactics set the foundation for the French defeat. In June 1940 Hitler invaded Paris, eight days later the French surrendered. After the French surrender, Hitler attempted to end the war with Britain. Speaking to the Reichstag in June, he said, “I can see no reason why the war need go on.” But Hitler was already had his sights set on invading Russia. He now aimed to end the war in the west so he could concentrate on attacking communist Russia in the east. Hitler knew that invading Britain would be difficult, but still he informed his military to leaders to prepare for the operation, Operation Sea Lion, and proceeded in planning a landing operation against Britain.

Unfortunately, the officer on duty ignored the warning. Had he not, the attack on Pearl Harbor could have been less severe, if not countered completely. In addition, the task of almost the entirety of the air defense of Pearl Harbor fell upon the United States Navy and the United States Air Corp, despite the 16th Coast Artillery Regiment having eighty-two 3-inch anti-aircraft guns, twenty 37 mm anti-aircraft guns, and one hundred and nine .50 caliber anti-aircraft machine guns. The Army Air Corp’s P-36 and P-40 pursuit planes were the main deterrent to enemy aircraft, unfortunately, this was the target of the Japanese Naval Fleet (Anti-aircraft). At the end of the attack, only a few P-36’s were able to escape the barrage of bullets and bombs, and managed to destroy ten of the Japanese Zero’s, while the 16th Coast Artillery Regiment brought down six.

Prior to the upcoming Coral Sea battle, a number of Japanese military messages had been intercepted by the U.S. Navy signals intelligence unit. The first, dated March 28, 1942, was encoded as stating “The objective of MO will be first to restrict the enemy fleet movements and will be accomplished by means of attacks on the north coast of Australia.” (“Battle of the Coral Sea”) Subsequent messages were intercepted that provided allied forces with updated details concerning IJN fleet progress, as well as elements of IJN plans that included battleship and carrier logistics. This resulted in the U.S. Navy’s deployment of a cotillion of numerous warships and support craft, and also the carriers Lexington and Yorktown (“Battle of the Coral Seas”). In the upcoming battle, these ships would do battle against a superior IJN force comprised of far more battleships, submarines and support craft, as well as aircraft carriers.

From sometime in between 205-150 BC, an ancient ship carrying the Antikythera Mechanism and a bounty of Hellenistic bronze and marble sculptures, pottery, and silver coins sunk of the eastern coast of Antikythera Island in the Aegean Sea, waiting to be discovered until A.D.1901 by a team of divers. After a century of research, the intricate bronze set of gears has been determined to be an ancient Greek computer that is able to calculate astronomical events. Understanding the importance of the Mechanism and its significance is imperative as it is unarguably the most sophisticated geared machine from the ancient world. Up to the present day, the Mechanism remains influential toward researchers, historians, astronomers and archaeologists.

Australia’s sea communications were under threat from the German cruiser Emden at large in the Indian Ocean. Her captain, Korvettenkapitän Karl von Müller, had rapidly established a reputation for skill and daring. In just two months he had captured or sunk 25 allied steamers, a Russian cruiser and a French destroyer. And posed a great threat to the first contingent of Australian and New Zealand troops, awaiting transport to the European Theatre.

During the Battle of Britain, Germany wanted to achieve air superiority but ultimately failed to defeat the Royal Air Force (RAF). Hitler ordered the Lufwaffe to destroy the RAF in preparation for Operation Sealion which was Germany’s invasion plan for Britain. Although numerous factors contributed to Hitler’s decision to attack Britain, in keeping with his “one front at a time” war methodology, Hitler wanted to secure the Western Front prior to invading the Soviet Union. Initially, directed by Hermann Goering (commander-in-chief of the Lufwaffe) Germany targeted Britain’s coastal areas and convoys, airports, and vital British air warning and radar