Applying Concepts From The Health Belief Model

The Health Belief Model is commonly used for health promotion and health education. Its’ underlying concept is that health behavior is explained by perception of the disease and the strategies available to lower its occurrence. There are four perceptions of the HBM, which are perceived seriousness, perceived benefit, perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers. In addition to that, more constructs are added to health belief model that includes motivating factor, cues to action and self-efficacy. Each of these constructs in combination or individually, could be used to determine health behavior. The HBM also provides guidelines for the program development allowing planners to address reasons for non-compliance with recommended health action. The health belief model is a process used to promote healthy behavior among individuals who may be at risk of developing adverse health outcomes. A person must gauge their perceptions of severity and susceptibility of developing a disease. Then it is essential to feel vulnerable by these perceptions. Environmental factors can play a role as well as cues to action such as media, and close friends. In order to determine that taking action will be meaningful, the benefits to change must be weighed, against the barriers to change behavior (Green & Murphy, 2014).

The Health Belief Model (HBM) of health behaviour change was originally developed in the 1950s in order to understand and explain why vaccination and screening programs being implemented at the time were not meeting with success (Edberg 2007). It was later extended to account for preventive health actions and illness behaviours (Roden 2004). Succinctly, it suggests that behaviour change is influenced by an individuals’ assessment of the benefits and achievability of the change versus the cost of it (Naidoo and Wills 2000).

Using the health belief model, how can nurses encourage patients to make immediate and permanent behavior changes; particularly as they relate to lifestyle choices?

The healthy belief method was demonstrated with this study. The study demonstrated that the impact of health beliefs on behavior showed a direct relationship between health

According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it is stated that “every 40 seconds, someone in the U.S. has a stroke” (“Stroke,” 2018). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States, which include coronary heart disease, stroke, and other related conditions. There are various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with heart disease, such as age, family history, diet, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, and more (“2016 Community Health Assessment,” 2017). About 795,000 people suffer from stroke each year and it is more common among the elderly, ages 65 years and older, in the United States (“Stroke,” 2018). The consequences of stroke can be detrimental,

Osteoporosis is a major public heath treat for more than 28 million Americans, 80 percent of whom are women. In the U.S. today, 10 million individuals

The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors (Glanz et al, 2008). This model focuses on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals. The Health Belief Model motivates people to take action. The HBM is based on the understanding that a person will take a health-related action using six key constructs: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy (Glanz et al, 2008).

In the Randomized control study “Self-Efficacy Program to Prevent Osteoporosis Among Asian Immigrants” by Qi, Resnick, Smeltzer, and Bausell (2011), the researcher clearly stated their interest in the problem, that Chinese immigrants have a high incidence of osteoporosis due to the lack of calcium, vitamin D, and exercise regimens practiced in their country. “The purpose of this study was to use a self-efficacy based intervention to increase adoption of behaviors known to prevent Osteoporosis.” (Qi, Resnick, Smeltzer, and Bausell 2011, pg.400) This Self-Efficacy Theory (Bandura, 1985, 2001) suggests that behavior change and maintenance of this change is obtained by ones belief that they can do so. According to Qi, Resnick, Smeltzer, and Bausell (2011), “Many factors influence health behaviors among Asians, including lack of knowledge related to OP, lack of belief in the benefits of prevention, lack of motivation and ability to overcome barriers to engage in OP prevention, lack of social support, inadequate access to care and language barriers” (pg. 400). The researcher’s used this theoretical model appropriately to evaluate whether education serves a role in motivating/improving adherence to health behaviors and medication regimens to prevent osteoporosis in this Asian population.

Both the health belief model (HBM) and theories of reasoned action/planned behavior (TRA/TPB) are two model that has their root from psychology. Both models rely on social cognition as a mechanism to change individuals’ behaviors. Opponent criticizes the models for being unable to target social influence outside of an individual and overlook difference between target audiences.

The preventive health orientation scale also used to measure active perceived health orientation (beliefs about the importance of early detection of health problem) and passive preventive health orientation (beliefs that person should seek care only when he is sick and beliefs that screening of diseases can cause them). They found that categories 1 and 2 (with low perceived risk and high/low perceived benefits) have greatest mammography adherence rate while the lowest mammography adherence rate were categories 3 and 4(with high perceived risk and high/low perceived benefits). This finding indicates that high perceived benefit cannot affect mammography adherence if combined with high risk. Also low perceived risk is important factor of mammography adherence regardless of the perceived benefits is high or low. To understand the role of perceived risk, the authors suggested that classification of risk groups into low and isn’t sufficient. Low

Conner and Norman, 1995 describe the health belief model as ‘the oldest and most widely used model in health psychology’. It originated in the 50’s and was developed further by Hochbaum, Rosenstock and Kegals throughout the 1980’s for health education programmes and to predict different health behaviours and responses to treatments. The four terms that are the basis for the HBM are perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, perceived severity and perceived benefits. The behaviour of the individual depends on their belief that they are susceptible to a health problem, how serious they deem it to be, whether they think that treatment will benefit them and if there are barriers that may get in the way.

In the article Nonadherence and osteoporosis treatment preferences of older women: a qualitative study, Unson et al. (2003) outlines a qualitative study that involves focus group discussions. The purpose of this study is to show that physicians must have an understanding of patients’ medication beliefs in order to enhance medication adherence. This study examined how beliefs about medication and four osteoporosis treatments influenced treatment selection and adherence. The framework in the study is the Health Belief Model (HBM). Health Belief Model (HBM) likelihood of adherence to a treatment increases when a person perceives himself or herself to be susceptible to an illness, evaluates the illness outcomes as severe, and concludes that

The Health Belief Model (HBM) is one of the first theories of health behavior. It was developed in the 1950s by social psychologists in the U.S. Public Health Services to better understand the widespread failure of tuberculosis screening programs. Today it continues to be one of the most widely used theories. Research studies use it to explain and predict health behaviors seen in individuals. There is a broad range of health behaviors and subject populations that it is applied in. The concepts in the model involve perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. Focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals being studied create an understanding of their

An individual with developmental delay is at high risk of being obese. The student should have assessed the women's perception of their weight, their strength and weaknesses and their learning ability in other to be able to establish an individualized weight reduction plan. Identifying the women's perception of their weight will help the student prepare a care plan that will benefit each woman. The student needs to understand that health education is an essential part of nursing in other to promote health. Therefore building a trusting relationship before delivering health education is important. The Health Belief Model (HBM) could have been a very helpful tool to assess these women. HBM will identify and address their perception and will address

Health belief model was one of the first and most widely recognized theories of health behavior. (Butts & Rich, 2011). This theory was formulated in an attempt to predict health behaviors by focusing on the attitude and beliefs of individuals. It is aimed to determine the likelihood of an individual to participate in health-promotion and disease prevention programs. (Kozier & Erb, 2011). This theory postulated that if a patient is well- motivated, there is a possibility that he will participate in these activities. Motivation can be derived by the individual's perceptions towards his condition. According to Becker (1974), individual perceptions include patient's perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness of the disease and perceived threat.