The Arab Spring is generally defined as the series of anti-government protests, uprisings and armed rebellions that spread across the Middle East in early 2011. Almost all of the major countries in the Middle East such as Syria, Jordan, and Morocco were all involved in these protests. Each country had unique demands that led to major uprising throughout the Middle East. Through a major exploration and study, it is clear the Arab Spring had key reasons for failing and succeeding which has led to modern day conflicts.
Syria is the clearest proof that the Arab Spring failed. The main reforms Syrian protesters desired was freedom from the Assad regime, allowance of political parties, equal rights for Kurds, and the freedom of speech press and authority. Not only did the protesting against Bashar Al-Assad fail, but it lead to an ongoing civil war that has
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King Mohammed VI led an absolute monarchy in the country and many Moroccans fought for octal and economic reform, which is exactly what they got. The King willingly gave up a majority of his power and had a re election for all of parliament. In Jordan, King Abdullah was faced with upset from his people due to unemployment and government corruption. As a result of these complaints, Abdullah allowed for a re election for parliament as well as considering the possibility for Jordan to be a democratic state. Clearly the Arab Spring can still be argued as a success do to the peaceful and satisfying results of protests in countries like Morocco and Jordan.
The Arab Spring is faced with many different initial goals and resulting outcomes. Due to the vast amount of countries involved in the uprising, there is not concrete way to answer if the Arab Spring was truly a success or failure. Each country has different cultural, social, religious, and economic situations which greatly affected the result of each country's
The Arab spring has generated much controversy as a result of demonstrating that countries that were apparently peaceful were actually determined to remove their governments and install a new ideology that would be compassionate with regard to its people. Some nations actually went as far as to put oppressors down and to bring reform throughout their countries. However, it rapidly became clear that peace was far away when considering that new leaders were unable to satisfy people's needs and that the masses wanted to be provided with more power.
The Arabs took this opportunity to start an uprising. The fighting continued for twenty years until France, in 1936, agreed to let go of their political influence, but they would keep a military presence there and could benefit economically, which meant they controlled the oil. Four years later France fell to the Axis powers and consequently so did Syria. Since the, now Free French, troops needed support along with the British, they agreed to leave the region completely if they helped them win World War 2. After the Germans were defeated, the French, reluctantly, kept their word and left the region. This, however, did not subside the fighting; what was once a battle for freedom turned into an ideological battle between Shias and Sunnis. Eventually some stability was gained and a proper government was set up. In 1971 Hafez Al-Assad was elected president and the country went from being a democracy to a monarchy. He groomed his first son to take over the country once he died but his son passed away in a car accident before he did. Hafez’s second son, Bashar Al-Assad, took control of the country in 2000 and he has remained in power ever since. Prior to the Arab Spring, there were outbursts, but none significantly affected his regime. Once the Arab Spring began, however, the people of Syria, mainly Sunnis, revolted against Assad. At the same time, The United States pulled troops out of Iraq leaving them without any structure or
The role of the Police Agency plays a vital role in this case. In Kristin’s case the police play a small, yet vital role in controlling her protection against Cartier. Furthermore, before Cartier proceeds Kristin, he has run ins between police agencies due to issues with other females. Furthermore, as the police agencies dealt with Cartier, throughout his life, providing small amounts of punishment here and there. However, a question left to explore is could they have done more when dealing with Cartier?
In Lebanon, Bush's move against the 10 year post-civil-war Syria and US-approved order destabilised both countries, without a proper alternative. In the wider region, a Shia-Sunni muslim war almost suddenly began by both the US and Saudi hand, as a way to counter growing Iranian influence. Yet this in the end only served to help al-Qaeda and the Islamic State of Iraq, and now, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIL/ISIS). It could be argued that the Arab Spring and the chaos it has created is a result of 9/11 and the hamfisted reaction of the United States. Of course, if the United Stated had understood that the results of their allies to are at the root of Islamic radicalisation, and pressured them to reform earlier, no Arab Spring would have been necessary.
The term “Arab Spring” has emerged in academic literature as well as in the general media from about early 2011. It refers to the “awakening” of some Arab nations and the movements to replace authoritarian regimes with democratic ones. The theme of “spring” and “awakening” seems to have been borrowed from the 1989 reform movements in the former Eastern-block nations, such as in the former German Democratic Republic or Hungary. However, this comparison has been criticised by some analysts since both the circumstances which have led to these movements as well as the outcome of these reform efforts seem to differ quite a lot. Yet, the Arab Spring term seems to be still widely used and even found an extension in the creation of the term Arab Winter which refers to events that happened in 2012 in some Arab countries during which these reform movements seemed to have “cooled-off” and particular nations, such as Egypt, attempted to go back to the status-quo of the pre-2011 era.
Conflict Mapping the Tunisian Revolution from the perspective of the main advocates that took over this revolution, the youth of Tunisia through their participation in crucial events, reflected on the problems their country face in the transition to democracy. First the revolution was initiated by disillusioned youth who succeeded in bringing together a broad coalition of social and political forces against the Ben Ali’s regime. Second the coalition was able to bring down the regime due to longstanding and widespread discontent in the country that stemmed from factors such as: massive unemployment especially among the youth, unequal regional development and lack of equitable distribution of
While the aftermath of World War II is often referred to as one of the primary creators of deep rooted turmoil in the Middle East region, the effects of the Cold War and the United States often over-zealous battle against communism is just as much a contributor if not more. The Arab world and the Middle East region were clearly going through quite an extraordinary period throughout World War II and its conclusion, primarily with the creation of most of the states we recognize today and struggling with the continuation of colonialism. These factors set the stage for the emergence of strong nationalist sentiments and Pan-Arab movements across the Middle East. Unfortunately, and much to the detriment of the region, the leaders of these young
No government in the Middle East wanted the Arab Spring to succeed. The Arab Spring were grass root protest’s that citizens of multiple Middle Eastern countries involved themselves to reform their own governments. From North Africa to the Gulf States, there were yells for reform and a more representative government by the people. These reforms for the most part failed, some countries received full regime change like Egypt, others got lucky and held moderate reform (Morocco), and others like the gulf state that had the resources, paid their citizen’s to not protest. In the worst case there was war and violence, the most prevalent of which have been in Libya, Iraq, and Syria. There have been multiple disputes as to why, in particular, these
In late 2010, a Tunisian named Bouazizi set himself on fire in protest against the poor economic situation in which he was living (CNN, 2011). Other Tunisians soon took the opportunity to resist their government and possible overthrow the leadership of Ben Ali. They took it as their responsibility to fight for the common good. Simple demonstration against the Tunisian government soon went ahead to an extent that Ben Ali had to leave the country. The events that followed the departures of the Tunisian president were the least expected. The revolts in Tunisia spurred citizens of other Arab nations to revolt against their governments. By the end of the years 2011, the Arab spring had claimed the presidency of three long serving presidents and
In the people, on the streets, in conversations.”. The desire for the change that was needed, the change in the regime, the change in leadership, had been growing for years before, and finally erupted in 2011 - the Arab Uprisings.
This article focused more on how the survival of a regime relied on the willingness of the military to defect and low levels of social mobilization. Because the levels of unrest and turnout was too large for the police to handle, the military was sent out in order to control the masses. In general, the military has three missions; to defend its country, maintain security and order, and to maintain their own institutional interests. Militaries that were organized along institutionalized lines were less likely to shoot at citizens (such as in Egypt and Tunisia) than militaries organized along patrimonial lines and therefore are more invested in the survival of the regime (such as Syria, Bahrain, Libya, and Saudi Arabia). (Bellin 2012) As a result, the military in Egypt and Tunisia are more likely to see their regimes fall which is exactly what happened during the Arab Spring. Also, in Saudi Arabia levels of social mobilization were extremely low and so was access to social media and more liberal television compared to other countries, so therefore they were not able to meet the second condition that allowed for the Arab Springs to be more successful in all these other
In late 2010, a tidal wave of uprisings and protests in various parts of the Arab world emerged. It began with the Tunisian revolution when the martyr Mahmoud Bouazizi set fire to himself as a result of the deteriorating economic and social. This led to protests and demonstrations that ended with the fall of the ruling regime. In Tunisia which sparked the beginning of revolutions in many Arab countries, this is known as an Arab Spring. The question remains what are the real reasons that led to the Arab Spring and its effects? the causes of the Arabic spring May be varied, depending on the places, however the reasons can be a corruption in economic policies and demand social justice as the key motives and protests in the Arab world. This essay will discuss the most important reasons, and the effects of what is known as the Arab Spring.
It is too early to speak of a revolution, and the Arab Spring has turned to a bitter winter in countries like Bahrain, Syria, and Yemen" (Goldschmidt and Davidson). These uprisings in differing Arab nations have occurred all within a couple years of each other. There occurred civil wars and overthrowing of presidential leaders and governments as well.
A revolution has begun by the people in the Middle East against their long time dictators. The domino effect began first with Tunisia then Egypt, Bahrain, Yemen, and Libya. Thousands of protestors were gathered on the streets with posters, shouting for change and democracy. Why would there be protests unless the people are unsatisfied with the way the country is governed. Why would they go against their dictator unless they feel they have no rights and that they have no voice. Unlimited power should never be given to one person; the chances of corruption are very high because power can change even the most virtuous individual. That is why the path of a dictatorial country is a path of strife, oppression and economical downfall.
The Oxford Dictionary describes evolution as “the gradual development of something, especially from a simple to a more complex form.” The Arab Spring has caused a multitude of uprisings throughout the Arab world. In the beginning, the Arab Spring was “uncomplicated and inspiring” as the uprisings “reaffirmed…[Western]…beliefs” but soon became “muddied” (citation). The uprisings did not avoid the country of Jordan. The first uprising in Jordan was in January 2011 when thousands of protestors “demand[ed] the country's prime minister step down, …the government curb rising prices, inflation and unemployment” (citation). This instance of uprising is the moment in which Jordan joined the Arab Spring. Due to this, Jordan is now on the track with multiple other states in the Arab world for reform to the local and regional regimes. According to Michael Wahid Hanna in “The Seven Pillars of the Arab Future”, the states of the Arab world, including Jordan, must make progress toward “development of seven core areas” of which include “economic growth and equality; education policy; security-sector reform; decentralization;…and more pluralistic policies” (citation). Jordan must adapt to these stakes and evolve into the Arab future.