While the aftermath of World War II is often referred to as one of the primary creators of deep rooted turmoil in the Middle East region, the effects of the Cold War and the United States often over-zealous battle against communism is just as much a contributor if not more. The Arab world and the Middle East region were clearly going through quite an extraordinary period throughout World War II and its conclusion, primarily with the creation of most of the states we recognize today and struggling with the continuation of colonialism. These factors set the stage for the emergence of strong nationalist sentiments and Pan-Arab movements across the Middle East. Unfortunately, and much to the detriment of the region, the leaders of these young …show more content…
faced from the Soviets in the mid to late 1940’s as that logically drives the foreign policy process. This is best captured in American Orientalism by Douglas Little and the chapter on U.S. policy towards Egypt (1949-1956) by Peter Hahn in The Middle East and the United States. The U.S. was faced with the possibility of an expansionist and dangerous Soviet Russia that stood to challenge the West in the Middle East, a serious threat to the access to Persian Gulf oil, which among other things, would hurt the European and Japanese recovery efforts. This claim against the Soviets seemed reasonable enough through the eyes of U.S. policymakers since the Soviets were already in Iran and continually positioning for control of the Dardanelles from Turkey. Furthermore, any strategic thought experiment could easily conclude that the Soviets would gain a huge advantage in an actual war if they could gain control over the Persian Gulf area; therefor they would most likely try to attempt it militarily, diplomatically, or both. After adding in additional crisis going on such as the Greek civil war earlier and the Korean War later, it is clear to see the line of thought leading to Truman’s doctrine of U.S. national security relying on the containment of the Soviet Union in the Middle East.
Considering these facts, it makes sense as a viable course of action for the U.S. security concerns in Egypt to position for the British
In the article, “The Eisenhower Doctrine, 1957”, it states, “Under the Eisenhower Doctrine, a country could request American economic assistance and/or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state.” This line portrays the purpose of the Eisenhower Doctrine. It explains how this doctrine allowed other countries, if at risk or put in danger by another area, would be allowed to asked for American assistance, whether it be economy or military assistance. In addition, it had “singled out the Soviet threat”, as mentioned in the same article. In other words, this policy was created in response to groups such as the Soviet Union and their goal of expanding communistic methods, also known as the Soviet Threat. The Eisenhower Doctrine was influenced through events such as the Suez Crisis of 1956. In the Suez Crisis of 1956, a larger tension had broken between Egypt and British and French leaders after Egyptian President, Gamal Abdel Nasser, had forced British troops to leave and give the Suez Canal into Nassar’s command. Due to this, Eisenhower, who was against the spread of communism, had allowed for U.S. military troops to be sent over so that communism wouldn’t be used, which relates back to the Eisenhower Doctrine and its purpose. Later on, the Eisenhower Doctrine was used and applied to the Lebanon Crisis 1958. This crisis also relates back to communism and the Soviet Union/Threat. The Lebanon Crisis of 1958 was a Lebanese political crisis caused by political and religious tensions between Lebanon and Egypt, and had included U.S. military intervention. The citizens of Lebanon and other leaders, such as Nassar, had questioned their President, Chamille Chamoun, for continuing to have ties with the West, leading to high amounts of tensions between Chamoun and his citizens. Due to the numerous amounts of conflicts arising and the risk of being
Inquiry Skills—You will develop questions and plan investigations, evaluate change and continuity over time, develop credible explanations of historical events and developments based on reasoned interpretation of evidence, gather evidence, evaluate and use evidence, develop explanations and make persuasive arguments in support of your conclusions, and communicate your conclusions.
I believe that World War II was a continuation of World War I because of some not resolved issues. Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by expanding the military and invading Poland. One of the events that led to the beginning of World War 1 was: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism; which stands for MAIN. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia but they then joined up with Russia. After, Germany declared war on Russia which caused the war to expand. World War I ended in 1918 when Germany surrendered. It also had a great impact on European countries after it ended.
World War II brought several changes to the world and specifically America. It not only changed the world map but also set impact on the behaviours. WWII played a major role in building turning points during different periods. Before WWII, African Americans were not offered equal rights in the community. It was considered an impossible thing that African could ever do a white collar or even a blue collar job. However, soon after the WWII, there came a turning point in the lives of African American with the Civil Rights Act in 1964.
2. Read and evaluate sources. Next, examine each source and think about how you will use it to support the content of your script. Be an active researcher by asking the following questions about each source you reference:
The aftermath of World War I left a lasting impression on the 1920s because America entered the Great War later than the big European countries. This gave them an upper hand in their economic position since they did not spend as much money as France, Germany, and Britain did. This ignited their unprecedented affluence which had a domino effect in America’s society in terms of government’s relationship to business. Another effect of the First World War is the Red Scare and America’s prejudice and fear against the minorities shown through the immigration policies it established. These changes in the economy increased living standards, evidently seen through the consumer culture, progressive innovations, and increased consumption. This illusion of expanding prosperity came to an end with the stock market crash in 1929. This opened America’s eyes to their limits which make the 1920s a decade imperative for its legacy rippled throughout our history.
After World War I, many Americans feared the idea that communism would spread, they called this concern “The Red Scare”. Americans were wary of the spreading of communism after the Russian Revolution, in their paranoia America attempted to block new incomers, especially eastern and southern Europeans. In addition to The Red Scare, there were limited jobs in America, because of this generations of workers whose families had immigrated before the 1900s, began to view new incomers as a threat because they would work for lower pay and further reduce the jobs available for the nativists . Due to these concerns, immigration regulations went into effect. For instance,
I was trying to help my country by joining the war. The teens thought they were just helping. They saved lots of lives on the battlefield. But the return was they saw many of their friends and fellow soldiers die. They had happy, but sad lives after the war. They visit their friend's grave every year. Their friends were watching over them in the afterlife. The families mourned over their family members that died. They never had a very happy life, but sometimes it’s happy life when they remember the good times in their life with their friends really happy.
Is it possible to know what Americans thought of World War II, if they believed that the war was a just war or whether they did not agree for what the United States was fighting for? The historian Studs Terkel believes he knows this answer and that Americans saw themselves as liberators of an oppressed world fighting for the just war which can be concluded from his famous volume, The Good War. Of course one person’s beliefs should not be believed as easily just by reading a book. A person should base their opinions on something much more analytical than that. In order to decide whether some Americans actually thought that World War II was a just war, a thorough analysis should be done of American life looking at all the facts found. Beginning with American experience before the war then analyzing the experience of the war and the home-front itself and finally ending with the analysis of America after World War II a conclusion can be made regarding the American point of view.
The Tenth’s triumphs in Italy were demonstrative of the value of specialized forces. Their success both was very influential in the events of World War II and in proving the value of specialized forces. Once the government saw how effective the focused training of this division was, they realized that a new era had begun. The Tenth Mountain Division started the period of special forces.
World War II was considered to be a watershed event in history by many historians. A watershed event is commonly referred to as an “event or period marking a turning point in a course of action or state of affairs”. World War II was an event that changed history and the aftermath wrecked most ideas of the future before the war. After the war every party wanted to not repeat this war, so instead of peace, the world rearmed with new technologies and humanitarian ideologies to prevent any form of the war from happening again. This turned into conflicts and fights that were more globalized than ever before. This war fueled another conflict that dictated how the world would operate, which was the Cold War.
The end of World War Two saw Russia and the United States as world powers, each with totally different views on how the new world should be governed.The Cold War was a fight between Communism and Capitalism; only one method could prevail. Communism, was the notion that through a class war all would become equal, all property owned publicly and each person paid equally. On the opposite end of the spectrum lay Capitalism where there is an economic and political system of a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit; not the state. One way that America sought to protect and hopefully impede Soviet Russia was through its foreign policies. The major foreign policy act that the U.S had in place during the Cold War,
The role of the Middle East has been very crucial to the United States, especially after WWII. The U.S. had three strategic goals in the Middle East and consistently followed them throughout various events that unfolded in the region. First, with the emergence of the cold war between the Soviet Union and the U.S., policymakers began to recognize the importance of the Middle East as a strategic area in containing Soviet influence. This also coincides with the U.S. becoming increasingly wary of Arab nationalism and the threat it posed to U.S. influence. Secondly, the emergence of the new Israeli state in 1948 further deepened U.S. policy and involvement in the region while also creating friction between the U.S. and Arab states which were
World War II was fought between two powers; the axis and the allied powers. The axis powers consisted of Germany, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria while the allied powers consisted of U.S., Britain, France, USSR, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, and Yugoslavia. While the United States Armed Forces were deployed in other parts of the world, the ones back home were facing the struggles of a war they had no choice but to be involved in. This war was a war that lasted for six years and tallied many casualties. The hard fought war was not fought for any reason, though. World War II was a pivotal point in the 1900’s for, not only states’ rights, but also human rights. The aftermath of the war brought justice to those wronged and a bright future to look ahead to.
The end of World War II was not just the end of a war, but also the beginning of a tense and dynamic period that affected society on all levels. This “postwar” period, as it became known, shaped the world, as we know it today; likewise, the period was shaped itself both by the war that had preceded it, and the powerful forces that surrounded it. As the energy of fundamentally different ideologies, Communism and Democracy collided with advances in science such as the nuclear bomb, a dangerous environment ensued that created an atmosphere of paranoia throughout the world and especially, within America.