As Shown By The British Security Service Mi5 And The French

Modern terrorism, as deduced from this literature, is acts to violence strategically used by secular groups spanning international borders with the aim of achieving a desired outcome. Further, it can be seen as organized activity whose genesis can be traced back to the 1880’s. From then to now there are identifiable traits and patterns observed from different (terrorist) groups which have allowed for the conceptualization of the term modern terrorism. This concept therefore, can be best explained in the context of being a wave or having a life cycle. That means it is a cycle of activity demarked by phases from inception and expands along the way then eventually it declines. The world, thus far, has experienced four waves of modern

“Terrorism's particularly heinous but highly attractive means to achieve political objectives or even radically restructure political foundations is manifest within societies in all reaches of the world. While the practical application of terrorist methodologies comes across as a relatively straightforward craft, the conceptual and ideological understanding, and subsequent evaluation of its socio-political influence, implementation, and psychological impacts present difficult questions, and in some cases conceivably insurmountable obstacles” (Romaniuk 2014, para

Throughout the world, terrorism affects cultures in a myriad of ways. The United States Department of Defense defines terrorism as, “ the calculated use of violence or the threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological” (DOD). Terrorism has emerged in the last ten years as one of the most crucial issues governments attempt to tackle. Many movies and documents can help people better understand the major strain of terrorism. As seen by the effects of the September eleventh attacks on American security, tourism and economy, the Taliban, and Somali piracy, terrorism has had an utmost impact on the world.

In 2003, a warning by the Israeli government noted that female participation in terrorism in Palestine is increasing and that “the terrorist organizations behind the attacks want to exploit the advantages of dispatching females to perpetuate them … under the assumption that a female is thought of as a soft, gentle, and innocent and therefore will arouse less suspicion that a man.” (Sjoberg and Gentry, p.1, 2011). In addition, the Israeli government outlines the roles women have played in attacks by different levels. The highest level is the suicide bomber, or the female who attempts a suicide bombing and failed. Lower level would be those females who have performed as facilitators, in both planning and perpetuating terrorist attacks. (Sjoberg,

Since the women’s liberation movement of the 1960s and “Burn our Bras” women have fought for their cause of equal rights. It should also be assumed that parallel ideas exist as it pertains to becoming a terrorist. If a woman holds the same extremist values as her male counterpart, she has the potential to be a more effective terrorist. Women are underestimated, misrepresented, and understudied. Historically, women have always been in the background of terrorist activities. The most substantial of their services is giving birth to future fighters. Women have progressed to become active participants in terrorism as a means to support their cause.

Terrorism is a word have been echoing all around the media for a while, putting a little bit of fear, or in other words caution, in our hearts every time we hear it. United Nations General Assembly defined it as, “ Criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable, whatever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or any other nature that may be invoked to justify them.” And the definitions varies to identify an issue that the world been trying to find a radical solution to, but terrorism seems to be more complicated than the way we see it. “Super Freakonomics” is a book written by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner; they discuss how to apply economical approach to world-class issues in order to get a better understanding of it, and terrorism is one of those issues. While the terrorists threat is increasing upon our countries, governments

Since September 11th the subject of terrorism and specifically the organizational behavior and strategy of terrorist groups as an academic research

Women who choose to engage in terrorism have been the subjects of a growing body of literature. The approach and focus of which has been varied, including contributions from a range of academic fields. Gender is significant to understanding female violence because it is atypical to the traditional conceptualisation of violence and war. There is an obvious juncture in the feminist understanding of this topic as identified by Jacques and Taylor (2009). For them, there are two distinct ways that female terrorists and the intrinsic link to gender have been understood (Jacques and Taylor, 2009: 505). On one hand, there are those that view a women’s role in terrorism as strategic. It is seen as an effective tactic as it exploits the target states’ gender stereotypes (Laster and Erez, 2015, Bloom, 2005). Nacos (2005) views the narratives attributed to female terrorists as a tactical choice used to exploit the target state’s inherent gender biases to further terrorist agendas (2005: 448). The main purpose of this work is to encourage policy makers to take these depictions into account when creating counter terrorism measures and to be aware of the use of females as a tactic. This is similar to the work of O’Rourke (2009) who endeavours to show the strategic benefits of female suicide terrorism. Through the comparison of terrorist groups that both have and don’t have women among their ranks, she highlights the strategic advantages of employing women (O’Rourke, 2009: 684). From

September 11, 2001 is a day that lives in infamy for American people. Every year Americans remember the how for the first time in history, multiple aircrafts were hijacked and used as weapons to destroy American landmark buildings such as the Twin Towers and the Pentagon. The 9/11 terrorist attacks marked the first instance of globalized terrorism. 9/11 and every act of terrorism after like Je suis Charlie and the November Paris attacks represents the economic and political nexus of emerging terrorist groups like al-Qaeda. This paper will compare the perspectives of two scholarly journals on terrorism, Dirk Haubrich’s “Modern politics in an Age of Global Terrorism: New Challenges for Public Policy” and Alan Krueger’s “Education, Poverty and Terror: Is there a causal connection?” to compare how terrorism is addressed politically and economically from each discipline. The paper “Modern politics in an Age of Global Terrorism: New

The role of the women has greatly changed in today’s society as more women are entering careers that have been considered male dominate for years. More now than ever, women are joining the military, pursuing political careers, and even entering into the world of terrorism (Agara, 2015). Contrary to popular belief, the role of women in terrorism is not a new spectacle. Prior to the 1980’s, women were involved, but were not major recruiting targets as they are today. In Europe, women became tangled in the neo-Nazis and in Chechen, female suicide bombers were known as “black widows” (Huckerby, 2015). Many groups began heavily recruiting women into their organizations for the purpose of female suicide bombers more than 30 years ago. The Syrian Social Nationalist Party recruited Sana’a Youcef Mehaidli for the very purpose of suicide bombing. Mehaidli is known as the first female suicide bomber recruited to a secular group who committed an attack in early 1985; Mehaidli’s truck, armed with explosives, managed to cause harm to four individuals, two of which died (Sofer & Addison, 2012). Upon the successful integration of females into secular groups, terrorist organizations began heavily recruiting women to fight alongside them for their religious

According to Coaty’s War on Terror, terrorism can be divided in three different levels: individual, state, and international environment. During the French revolution, terrorism was developed the first time, and some groups of people gathered to clean the evils of monarchy. They want to overthrow the weak government and establish a new one that can bring them a better life. After that, terrorism was expanded to the Soviet, and it became the best tool for them to control people, including their lifestyle and their own privacy. Under the Soviet’s control, terrorism has been developed and spread to many other countries around the world.

We all know of tales from the battlefield of women carrying IEDs as if she was carrying a child. These female suicide bombers are not an unusual occurrence; they are a reality in the desert/urban warfare in the Middle East. Antiterrorism and counterterrorism analysts need to reevaluate what it means to be a ‘woman involved in terrorism.’ We need to understand that women are terrorists in the same way that men are, if not more because of the psychological ramifications that come from the use of women as attackers. Dr. Jonathan White once said, “some terrorist groups, seeking increased psychological impact from suicide attacks, sought new types of bombers. They began using

The history of terrorism can be traced back as far as the French revolution. Some of these acts of terrorism only seem as distant reminders of our past, but at the same time, are not a far cry from today’s brutal acts; and although these acts seem distant, it doesn’t also mean they are no longer in the thoughts of individuals in today’s time.

While the emergence of terrorism is not a new phenomena, 'terrorism studies' are, and will be benefited by further scholarly work and conversations regarding terrorism and can be backed by researched will inevitably enable the field to grow (Jackson et al. 2008). Sandler (2014) believes

Since after 9/11, the notion of terrorism has become abundant in the literature. Scholars and policymakers continue to seek optics to examine or scrutinize what can give rise to such a ‘‘degraded’’ act ignoble both in the national and global system. Viewed as a huge threat to the global stability, terrorism has been hashed out in the foreign policy by many states in search for best strategies to wipe it out in the face of earth.