Ascertained Chi-Square Esteem

Although some statistical evidence given is not backed with proper citations, the reader can find that the evidence given is effective in proving her point.

parent carried the b allele. The F1 offspring of such a cross would be Bb, and

For one of the monohybrid crosses you performed in this Investigation, describe how to use the phenotype ratios to determine

Researchers routinely choose an ◊-level of 0.05 for testing their hypotheses. What are some experiments for which you might want a lower ◊-level (e.g., 0.01)? What are some situations in which you might accept a higher level (e.g., 0.1)?

The LV team is eager to learn what statistical significance is and why it’s an important construct in the study and use of inferential statistics.

The purpose of the “chi-square test” was to see if our data was in an acceptable range of a specific ratio listed above. The chi-square test took into account the expected deviations in the F2 offspring’s alleles.

1“The Cult of Statistical Significance” was presented at the Joint Statistical Meetings, Washington, DC, August 3rd, 2009, in a contributed session of the Section on Statistical Education. For comments Ziliak thanks many individuals, but especially Sharon Begley, Ronald Gauch, Rebecca Goldin, Danny Kaplan, Jacques Kibambe Ngoie, Sid Schwartz, Tom Siegfried, Arnold Zellner and above all Milo Schield for organizing an eyebrow-raising and standing-room only session.

This one dealt with an HIV test, which is about 99% accurate. Then a person was selected at random for the test and this person was found to have an HIV positive result. Therefore one naturally assumes the person has a 99% chance of having that disease; but this is wrong. If we then take a larger sample size, the number of possible false positives increase and the probability of that person having the disease also decrease. Here it is important to note that the test itself is accurate, but there is other outside relevant information needed to make the best and most accurate conclusion. The test gave a wrong positive, which is both possible and probable, or the person has the disease; which is also possible and

Lab 3a had involved 4 F1 generation crosses: a sex-linked cross between white eyed males and heterozygous wild-type female flies (XWY x X+XW), a dihybrid cross between heterozygous wild-type winged flies (Apterous carriers) that have wild-type eyes (but are sepia color carriers (ap+/ap; se+/se x ap+/ap; se+/se) , a monohybrid cross between Apterous and wild-type winged flies (ap/ap x ap+/ap+), and a dihybrid cross between wild type flies that are vestigial winged and sepia trait carriers (vg+/vg; se+/se x vg+/vg; se+/se).

If 1000 offspring were scored for both characters, what number of offspring would be expected to have each of the four phenotypes (assuming no linkage)? List them below.

2.) After setting up the Punnett square, we now see that the likelihood for each possible genotype is 25% (SsBB, SsBb, ssBb, and ssbb).

Firstly, there will be an attached approved consent form from Mr. Oneil Canton from the Boys and Girls Club, then approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB), and lastly the parent and minor assent from the participants will be evaluated. Dressed in appropriate University of the Virgin Islands emblem shirt, I will be going to each site to collect the data. The adolescent participants will individually be called in the room where they will be appropriately briefed on the subject and asked to sign their consent form, this will allow the noise level to stay at a minimum and also for the other participants to be able to complete other activities while they wait their turn to complete the survey. All participants will be instructed to fill out the surveys to its completion to the best of their ability. After the adolescence participants are surveyed, the students will all be seated in one room to be debriefed and have the ability to ask questions. The debriefing will contain a video from the National Rifle Association (NRA) website about gun safety and what should be done if one is found by a child. The parents will fill out their surveys as they are waiting for their kids, not to

Part1) To understand and be able to complete a pedigree chart, one must be able to identify and be able to comprehend the genotypes being presented. Any child with a double recessive with have parents with either homozygous recessive and heterozygous, or heterozygous dominant and heterozygous dominant. Any child with a heterozygous genotype will have parents with, homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive, homozygous dominant and heterozygous dominant, homozygous recessive and heterozygous dominant. Any child with a homozygous dominant genotype needs to have parents who are, homozygous dominant and homozygous dominant, or homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive. A homozygous dominant and a heterozygous dominant will have the same phenotype,

For experiment 1, we used ten sticks to represent animals, and the beads to represent alleles. The dark beads then represented a dominant allele while the light beads represented the recessive alleles. 50 dark and 50 light beads were picked out and placed in a container where we then stirred them up. The stirring of the beads helped eliminate a bias selection for the alleles. Next, we randomly chose two beads without looking, and placed a pair onto each of the ten sticks. We observed how many sticks were homozygous, or heterozygous, which helped us calculate how many big R’s (dominant allele) and how many little r’s (recessive allele) were present. Finally, we used the numbers to figure out the P value by counting the amount of dark beads present, divided by the total amount of beads in all of the population (20). Record the data onto the chart. Conduct this experiment eight times. However, after each generation test, adjust the allele pool according to the P Value. ex) if P value = 0.55, have 55 dark beads and 45 light beads in your allele pool instead of 50/50 of each.

P = .05, or p-value, is a probability measurement that the confidence of the research questions or null hypothesis is correct and has a less than 5 percent observed outcome on a normal distribution curve thus having statistically significant. The p-value is the prospect that null hypothesis is actually correct; however, criticisms of various scholars believe in science that nearly everything is impossible to