Assess whether or not the changes in the structure of the UK industry have been beneficial for the economy, industries and the consumer.
Over the past 30 years the structure of the UK economy has been transformed. By this I mean there has been changes in the production and employment between the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors.
In 1964, 1,201,000 people were employed in the primary sector. By 1995 there were only 383,000 people employed in the primary sector. This shows a decrease of 818,000 employees over 31 years. This was mainly due to a contraction of output in the coal mining industries, and the collapse of oil prices in 1986, further contributing toward the declining industry.
The second change in the
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Due to this limited availability there was a sharp increase in price, causing the demand to fall, and the demand for substitutes to increase. As a result there was a decline in output and employment. A prime example is steel, the substitute being aluminium. International competition had a dramatic affect on UK structure.
Changing consumer tastes, the creation of new products and the changing comparative costs result in the redistribution of economic activity around the world. For example the Japanese were able to produce more reliable motorcycles at a cheaper cost and therefore there was a decline in the UK motorcycle industry, because Japan had a comparative advantage.
The membership of the EU meant some inevitable restructuring of the UK economy, in accordance with European comparative advantages, as there were no trade restrictions within the EU (free trade, no import duties). This lead to an increase in economic activity in the tertiary sector for the UK, where it has a comparative advantage in banking and finance, (due to specialisation).
The maturity argument states that our changing economic structure simply reflects the changing pattern of demand that follows from economic development. This statement argues that consumer demand in a mature economy such as the UK shifts away from goods and towards services. The capital stock in the UK grew more
market e.g. Korea and Yugoslavia. However, fast growth rate of industry have positive effect as during growth, competition is minimized. The increased production and substantial overcapacity both had negative effect.
Based upon the economy of Great Britain, it is very well developed. It is in the tertiary sector of the economic structure which means that more services are given out than goods, the higher in the structure the more developed a country is. In the United Kingdom, 83.5 percent of everything that is output into the economy are services and only 16.5 percent of the economy is either industry of agriculture which again, proves the fact that the United Kingdom’s economy is a part of the third tertiary. To compare with a well known developed country, the United States, the economy is 79.1 percent services which shows the fact that the economies are not at all far off from each other.
1. Choose a basis for comparison and write a comparison of the approaches to the relationship between youth employment and the economy presented in "Can Generation Xers Be Trained?" (page 509) and "The Sweet Bird of Youth Is Showing Signs of Age" (page 520).
In the long process of human history, with the occurrence of the industrial revolution, Britain was the first country to go through industrialisation. People give high marks on this industrial revolution, considering that it marks the beginning of a new era in human history; has passed the previous agricultural economy and has lead the human has into the industrial age. Today, however, when we think back to the British modern industrial revolution and the industrialisation process, we can find out that it has not only brought in endless welfare, but also was a great failure
Microeconomic reforms, structural changes and the introduction of new technologies altered the level of production and consumption in the manufacturing sector in the late 1980’s and 1990’s. The textile, footwear, clothing and motor vehicle industries were dramatically affected by these reforms and many jobs were lost.
Additionally, Britain can be seen to be different from Europe in 1850 as a result of the economic consequences of the Industrial Revolution, which brought about a ‘modern economy’. The economy had already been transformed by the agricultural
This isn’t to say that only the UK had something to gain from being a member. As of 2016, around half of the United Kingdom’s exports go to the European Union; that is to say that both the UK’s and the EU’s economies were benefitting from the UK’s membership and business with the European Union’s single market. The EU’s single market, one market for all EU countries, gained much from the UK’s contribution and is sure to take a hit when the United Kingdom
During the long time of economic history, the Industrial Revolution happened in England in the eighteenth century is definitely a turning point which triggers many scholars’ interests.
In the 18th century, Britain and other countries were transformed by the industrial restructuring. This change meant a higher standard of living for everyone. And as a result, Britain became richer.
In summary, the UK, a service based economy, changed especially by the impact of technology, globalization, legislation and demographic changes. The labour market became more polarized and older in a more diverse working population.
As well as this, the UK would be able to join organisations that they are currently unable to, such as the World Trade Organisation and The European Free Trade Association. However, it would be ill judged to assume that the UK would be able to dictate terms with the EU simply because it is running a trade deficit. Primarily, the EU buys half of Britain's exports whereas the UK accounts for little over 10 per cent of exports from the rest of the EU, so the UK would be in a weak position to negotiate the best terms by which to continue. Furthermore, it could be argued that the UK's access to many non-EU markets is thanks to its EU membership. On its own, the UK only accounts for 4% of global. Therefore, even trade that is not within the EU is at risk and the UK faces a potential significant reduction in trade that will likely cause a reduction in economic growth unless there is sharp growth in the domestic market. Also, although gaining membership to other bodies might be of some help, joining the World Trade Orginisation would be a purely cosmetic move, as it has 161 member states meaning that the UK would not have that much clout, whilst EFTA is essentially governed by EU regulation as all the companies that operating within the EU must still operate under EU guidelines.
It is firstly vital to discuss why this new flat, holarchy structure has come about. The global economy has been experiencing a shift since the 1930s. This shift has seen the once dominant manufacturing percentage of the economy shrinking, while in its place the service industry has vastly expanded. This can be seen best in the manufacturing to service employment ratio. In 1939, this ratio was
The Industrial Revolution in Britain’s history is marked as the period of great development that led to the modern era of growth, improved living standards and technology. Moreover, this revolution was not just limited to Britain; it affected the rest of Europe and America in the same positive manner. Due to the Industrial Revolution’s success in many countries, it is now commonly cited as the surest way for a country to develop. In economics, goals of a developed country are high production of goods, high Gross Domestic Product (GDP), low unemployment and sustained growth; during an Industrial Revolution all these are achieved. However, despite the main goal of IR to improve living standards for the population, the actual success when
Consumers regularly encounter franchising in the service sector. Whether purchasing food, staying at a hotel, or buying gas, franchising is prevalent across much of the consumer economy. Despite its prevalence, franchising is noticeably absent in the legal profession. This absence, however, may soon be a thing of the past. The recent wave of business structure liberalization in Australia and the UK is causing Ontario lawyers to discuss whether to permit alternative business structures (ABS) in the province, including franchise arrangements. Proponents of ABS argue that it will lead to innovation and efficiency, resulting in cheaper legal services. However, little research exists specifically on the effect franchising would have on the price of legal services. This question is especially relevant to Ontario. The majority of ABS research is dedicated to non-lawyer majority ownership of law firms, but The Law Society of Upper Canada’s (LSUC) ABS taskforce is no longer considering permitting non-lawyers to have a majority ownership share of law firms. However, the taskforce is continuing to pursue the idea of permitting franchising. The sole effect of franchising on the price of legal services is therefore important to consider.
In fact , before the 1970s,the process of de-industrialization had started. Andrew Gamble (1985:67) believes that UK industrial decline was caused by the invest in the new infrastructural technologies .Ken Roberts argue that “Over half of the manufacturing jobs that exist in the 1970s have gone ,and in some industries the workforce have really collapsed.”(Robert, 2001,p65)This situation show that productivity was improved by new technology so that the same quantity goods can be predicted by fewer workers. He points out the industrial output has stayed about the same in Britain despite a declining workforce.(35)For Robert , the development of consumer services in leisure industries accelerate the shift from manufactory to service .