Asthma And Health Promotion

How does asthma fit into the Healthy People 2020? As it is stated in Health People 2020, the main goal is to, “Promote respiratory health through better prevention, detection, treatment, and education efforts.” Under this goal, Healthy People list several objectives such as, reducing asthma death, hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, activity limitations, and miss school and work days; in addition, increasing education and prevention program (Healthy People 2020, 2014).

It is important to research environmental risk factors that influence asthma in low income neighborhoods to find possible ways to prevent asthma. The study “Urban Asthma and the Neighborhood Environment in New York City” proves that there is a positive correlation between neighborhoods and asthma hospitalizations.2 Children in lower income neighborhoods are more likely to be hospitalized due to asthma. Those living in lower income neighborhoods also tend to be minorities, which implies that African Americans and Latinos are more susceptible to asthma.2 Moreover, minorities are more likely to be living in public housing. The study explains that 11% of all housing units in Harlem is broken down and not suitable for living which proves that there is a positive correlation between the population of minorities and living in run-down housing and asthma related hospitalization.2

Communities are sometimes largely unaware that social factors rather than medical ones, such as income, and employment status, shape our health. Our health is also determined by the health and social services we receive, and our ability to attain high education levels, food and safe housing, among other factors.

Since asthma exacerbations in adolescence can lead to emergency room visits, hospitalizations, missed school and diminished health status, there was an evident need for effective asthma management for this population (Quaranta et al., 2014). Unfortunately, these rural adolescents with asthma, and their families, had difficulty determining when their asthma was poorly controlled; and unless the asthma symptoms were disruptive to family life, there was often little motivation for these individuals to seek medical care, thus increasing the risk of poor outcomes (Quaranta et al., 2014, p. 99). According

This results in Hispanics Americans living in very tightly-knit segregated urban communities, in older housing, and lack access to healthcare that can contribute to asthma exacerbation (Bhan et al., 2015). In the State of Connecticut there is a program called, Putting on AIRS or Asthma Indoor Risk Strategies. This program designed to assess environmental risk in the homes for asthmatic children and families. The hope is to reduce the frequency of asthma-related events by identifying environmental triggers. A public health nurse experienced in asthma management, conducts asthma education in the home. There is also an assessment for environmental asthma triggers in the home such as roach infestation or mold. The program follows participants over a six-month time frame, and has been shown to significantly improve outcomes for asthmatics (Nepaul et al.,

The impacts of climate on Hispanic health are further inflamed by challenges to better healthcare and medical resources. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services of Minority Health, Hispanic adults are 30% more likely to be admitted to the hospital for asthma than non-white Hispanics. Additionally, minority children are less likely than white children to be prescribed or take recommended treatments to control their asthma, and are less likely to attend outpatient appointments. Among racial and ethnic groups, Hispanics account for the largest share of the uninsured, including 12.6 million adults and nearly 3 million children as of 2011, according to The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.

The choice of the qualitative research as the domain of the study and of IDI and FGDs as its methods are considered appropriate, as the authors set out to explore the dimension surrounding the quantitative finding that more Puerto Rican children experience asthma than any other major ethnic groups in the country. One of the reasons for choosing qualitative research is because it will provide not only authentic and valid information, but also insights and ideas into asthma management, as experienced by the children, parents, and the families as a whole. It is through the

Young Hispanic children experience multiple disparities in health status, insurance coverage, barriers to healthcare access and the quality of health care received. There have been multiple studies that have researched racial/ethnic disparities among adults, however few studies have examined the racial/ethnic disparities in the health care of children. The United States is experiencing a demographic surge in minority children, particularly among the youngest age groups. "Estimates indicate that, by 2030, there will be more minority children than non-Hispanic white children" (Flores, Olson & Korman, 2004, p. 192). This alarming statistic has caused a national concern. This paper will discuss the

Asthma is a respiratory disease that many people deal with every single day. “According to World Health Organization, approximately 180,000 people die from asthma each year.” (Jardins and Burton 187) Most people never think of asthma as a life threatening disease, but it can be crucial. As the number of people with asthma increases, the more likely you are to come in contact with someone who has been diagnosed with this disease. Asthma is a severe breathing problem that has many complications that is dealt with daily like shortness of breath, chronic cough, tightness of the chest and shortness of breath, my main focus is childhood asthma, allergic asthma, and medication to treat asthma.

The attempted strategies will be discussed in their chronological order. First, Evans and his colleagues conducted a study to improve asthma care for minority children (African-American and Latino) in New York City in pediatric clinics serving children from low SES families. The study chose New York City Bureau of Child Health clinics and trained its clinic staffs about National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines to diagnosis, manage, screen, and identify asthma cases in children and provide health education for their families. The authors found that after 2 years of intervention and follow-up, there were improvements in access, continuity, and quality of asthma care provided by clinics with trained staffs. This study demonstrated that professional

Many of the other health disparities among the total population throughout the United States of America are caused by complex factors, including but not limited to education, differences in income, access to health care and community conditions. Healthy People 2020 highlights the importance of addressing the social determinants of health by including “Create social and

By age group (in years), those of the ages 18-24 have the highest prevalence of asthma which is 13.3% and ages 45-54 have the second highest prevalence of asthma that is 11.3%. Those of the ages 25-34 have a 9.8% prevalence of asthma. The ages 35-44 have a 9.7%, the ages 65-74 have a 9.6%, the ages 55-64 have a 9.4%, and lastly the ages 75 and older have an 8.2% prevalence of asthma. For gender, females have a higher prevalence of asthma (12.5%) than males (7.7%). By race/ethnicity, those who are black have the highest prevalence of asthma which is 11.8%, individuals that are defined as other than white, black, or Hispanic have the second highest prevalence which is 11.6%, Hispanics have a 11.5% prevalence, and white individuals have a 9.9% prevalence of asthma. Based on household income, those who make less than $20K per year have the highest prevalence of asthma, however; there is no trend of high to low asthma prevalence based on income. With an income of $20K per year, the asthma prevalence is 11.3%, and with an income of $35K it is a 6.6%. However, after $35K the asthma prevalence percentage begins to ride. A household income making $50K per year has a 7.4% asthma prevalence, and an income of >$75K has an 8.8%. After the >$75K there is no further information on higher incomes. Additionally, individuals who suffer from a disability

Healthy People 2020 (HP) has set a goal to “promote respiratory health through better prevention, detection, treatment, and education efforts.” One focus is to reduce asthma deaths among children and adults under age 35 years (Healthy People 2000, 2017). HP also recognizes that asthma has many components that can be classified as either genetic or environmental. They are working to both to improve the quality of life for those who suffer from asthma as to reduce the strain ill place on societal recourses. Assessing living situations for environmental triggers is one evidence based practice that can be initialized and then to make modifications that immediately impact the health of an asthma sufferer. Secondly, making sure medical supervision

Childhood asthma impacts scores of youngsters and their families. In fact, the bulk of kids develop respiratory illness before the age of

Experts have yet to understand why the rates of asthma are rising by an average of 50% every decade worldwide. According to the Asthma Society of Canada (2016), asthma is now considered to be a major health concern with approximately 235 million suffering from this illness worldwide. Kuhn et al (2015) states that as at 2012, one out of 12 people in the United States had asthma and the number continues to rise. More people have been diagnosed with this disease and in 2007; over 3000 deaths were linked to Asthma. Furthermore, the costs of treating asthma continue to rise with about 56 billion dollars being spent in 2007 compared to $53 billion in 2002 (CDC, 2011). From data gathered in California, which is our area of study, it was estimated that 2.3 million