Atahualpa Artifacts

People want history to give them the answers that they want to hear. They want history to be told in a way that praises their society, benefits their community, and removes all wrong that they otherwise may have felt if their history was interpreted in a different way. Those who want their history to be told ideally are those who are in power, those who have control over what can and cannot be documented; officials, leaders. In this case, those leaders were the Europeans who obliterated Aztec society in 1519 and gained complete control over them, providing themselves the ability to paint over history in a way that would glorify themselves. In an image illustrated by

The determined adventurer wasn’t going to give up, so he traveled all the way back to Spain and ask the king. The abundant treasures, gold, and silver that came from the land convinced King Charles V to allow the expedition. He sponsored Pizarro with 250 men, priests to convert the natives and he named him the new governor of the land. Pizarro’s contact with Peru brought a lot of negative consequences as well as positive consequences to the territory. At the time of his arrival, the Inca Empire was at a civil war between two Indian brothers fighting for the throne. The Spanish soldiers captured Atahualpa, the Inca Emperor and asked for rooms filled with gold and silver for his liberation. The Incas paid for his freedom but he was still convicted for opposing the government. Driven by power, Pizarro killed Atahualpa, in order to claim the territory for

The “Maya Carved Cylinder Vessel” is a medium sized brown glazed cylinder. It shows carvings of two figures that look animalistic in nature. This object could just be display art of Mayan history. Moreover the “Head of Huechueteotl” is a large stone head made from red stone, however it has traces of white pigments also. It depicts the Fire God and it may have been used as a monument to worship him or to give

Human beings, desire to maintain a connection with the past is achieved through the languages spoken, the various cultures practiced, and sadly through acquiring of cultural property by the means of grave robbing. Native Americans wanted justice for these past mistreatments and control over their history. According to Chip Colwell, campaigning, repatriation of indigenous artifacts began in the 1960s by indigenous activism. Finally, on November 16, 1990, The United States Government passed The Native American Graves Protection and Reparation Act. NAGPRA summarizes that museums must conduct an inventory of all native American cultural artifacts and remains. (Native) In addition, Museums send the inventories to federally recognized tribes, in

The following report details the archaeological fieldwork conducted by New South Associates, Inc. for proposed widening and improvements along U.S. 158 in Forsyth and Guilford counties, North Carolina. The purpose of the survey was to identify and evaluate archaeological sites for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), within the proposed project area of potential effects (APE). This project was conducted for the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) (TIP R-2577ABC, State Project No. 37405). This is a state-funded project covered under a United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) individual permit. As such, the USACE serves as the lead federal agency and the work complies with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), as amended.

I do not believe that Atahualpa held the bible to his ear as the textbook states. According to two first person documents one would gather that Atahualpa held the Bible and threw it upon the ground. I do not even know where the writer of the textbook got his information but based on what I have read he did not try to listen to the book. In the upcoming paragraphs I will discuss why I believe the way I do based on the documents.

stuff he would give in return to the Moors of the King, the Moors laugh at it and answer expressing themselves that what the embassador brought was not enough to the king, as mention, “...if he wanted to make a present it should be in gold…” (p.93) this shows how in this document the people, the moors, in Calicut acted in a mean way towards the European, da Gama, but also in a way they were defending their King. On the other hand, the document, The Broken Spears; The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico (1519) was much different. In this document Moctezuma welcomes Cortez and the Spaniards in such a really good way that he let the Spaniards do what they wanted to do with the gold in Mexico city as well as with his treasures, but when the Spaniards burned a cannon the Mexicans misunderstood the action and got scared, they didn't even wanted to be around the Spaniards and when the Malinche ask the Mexicans to help by bringing food and water to the Spaniards as they were tired they did it as quick as possible, “They brought them whatever they needed, but shooked with fear as they did so”(p.70) , but then later on the Aztecs made a party of Toxcatl, which for the party they made an Huitzilopochtli statue and all only to show the Spaniards their beautiful culture.

He accomplished this by ambushing and capturing the Inca ruler Atahualpa. Pizarro invited Atahualpa to a "peaceful gathering", but when Atahualpa arrived, he was captured, imprisoned and ransomed. Atahualpa's ransom was paid by the Inca empire with what would be equivalent to 50 million dollars worth of gold today, or, better stated by Pizarro, as "enough gold to fill a room". Unfortunately, this ransom was paid to no avail; in 1533 the Spaniards strangled and beheaded Atahualpa. The Spaniards extended their control over Inca territory in the following years. In 1572 they overwhelmed the last of the Inca forces and captured the last emperor, Túpac Amaru. In beheading him, they ended the Inca dynasty.

The Maya has a rich culture, tradition and life styles such as lifeways through costumes, rituals, diet, handicrafts, language, housing, or other features that would attract tourist. It is estimated that between 35 and 40 percent of tourism today is represented by cultural tourism or heritage tourism. However, in some places such as Roaten Island on Honduras and would use that tourism as an advantage and would create fake Maya artifacts and invent an idealized Maya past for the island.

      When Pizarro got back, he and his brothers discovered a group of people called the Incas. They saw that the Incas had a lot of gold and greed took them over. They tricked the Incan leader and captured him. The ransom to release the Incan emperor, Atahualpa, was to fill a room measuring 22 by 17 feet with gold. The Incas did fill the room but Pizarro killed the emperor anyway and conquered the Incas. When news of Pizarro’s conquest reached King Charles’ ears, he was overjoyed. He expanded the territory which Pizarro governed. A lot of South America was under Spanish rule. After all of the gold was divided between all of the leaders of the expedition and the king, each man got about $52,000 in Spanish pesos. That was a lot of money back then.

It had all the gold and the silver. The Native Americans were so gracious. They gave the Spaniards gold jewelry. The Spaniards looked thirsty for gold and sliver. The article, in the Human Record book, called The Battle of Tenochtitlan: A Mexica perspective, said, “ They gave the Spaniards golden banners of precious feathers and golden necklaces.

If granted, Pizarro would set Atahualpa free. After giving Pizarro the amount of gold he wanted, expecting to be freed, Atahualpa was strangled.

The field of archaeology is a sub-discipline of anthropology. People, who study archaeology, are called archaeologists. What they do in this field is that they find and study the artifacts of past civilizations like tools and weapons, pottery, jewelry, and clothing (if it survived that passage of time). From analyzing artifacts, archaeologists are able to form hypothesizes of how that ancient culture would have lived and behaved, even if there is no written record.

The artwork I chose to analysis was a Vajra Ritual Scepter that is currently being held by the Philadelphia Museum of Art (“Vajra Ritual Scepter” & See Appendix 1). The Wheeler’s donated this piece to the museum in 1933. The actual artwork has been dated to the nineteenth century from somewhere in Tibet. The artist is unknown but the vajra was constructed of copper alloy with mercury gilding. As a result it is a shiny cool gold color, not quite true gold but not quite a true silver or metallic color. The center is made of a bead of metal where a person can hold the vajra between the tips of their thumb and a finger. From the center the decorative elements are identical on either side, creating a symmetrical

Archaeology plays a very significant role in anthropology because archaeology is defined as being the study of human history and prehistory via the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains. The term Archaeology is used to describe the discovery and research of societies and individuals. Archeological sites differ around the world and their methods of excavation and reporting often fluctuate. Because of these fluctuations, one needs to review and rank archaeological sites based on their quality of work, potential for public use, threatened nature, and heritage importance throughout this paper. Three specific examples of archeological projects that are discussed thoroughly in this paper are the sites at Caracol, The Hungarian Plane, and Jamestown.