Autism Spectrum Disorder : Dsm 5 Changes And Controversies

Autism is the main form of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Autism is a developmental disorder that is manifested in problems with communication, impairment of social functioning, and repetitive behaviours. According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), ASD diagnoses must meet four different areas of criteria. There are three symptoms of "deficits in social communication and interaction across contexts," four symptoms of "restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities," "symptoms must be present in early childhood," and the symptoms must "together limit and impair everyday functioning" (Carpenter, 2013). There are many theoretical positions on the causes of autism spectrum disorders. Some of which have been discounted by empirical studies that have been researched and performed.

The DSM 5 defines autism spectrum disorder as a persistent deficit in social communication and interaction across various areas. The deficits occur in the areas of social and emotional functioning, non-verbal communicative behaviors, and fostering relationships. The DSM 5 also includes repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities as factors to consider when seeking to understand if a child has autism. The child can become fixated on specific objects, strongly adhere to schedules or ritualized patterns. When patterns are broken, the child has a difficult time transitioning to a new schedule or pattern of existence. Additionally, the child may be hyper or hyperactivity to various sensory aspects of the environment. As denoted

Autism is a developmental disorder that affects 1 in 68 children (CDC, 2014). It is a wide spectrum ranging from mild to severe. Diagnostic criteria have evolved to 2 main categorical commonalities along the spectrum. According to the DSM-V (APA, 2013), they are deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple settings and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. Additional characteristics like lack of or non functional speech patterns

They are autistic disorder, Asperger's syndrome, pervasive development disorder, Rett syndrome, and childhood disintegrated disorder. Autistic disorder is what everyone commonly think autism spectrum disorder is, but it is not. It affects children under the age of three with there communication skills and language. Asperger's syndrome is the struggle of connecting with other people, not the speech. Patients of Asperger's syndrome actually have above average scores in speech and language. Pervasive development disorder has some of the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, but doesn't fit in any other category. Rett syndrome mainly affects girls. It is a disorder that lets the infant develop normally until about four years old and then effects the communication and language. After this, most of the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder comes in. Childhood disintegrated disorder is extremely rare now a days. But it does happen. Childhood disintegrated disorder lets the body develop normally, like Rett syndrome, but their normal development stops at the age of one. At that age children lose social skills. All of these disorders are very serious and should be talked about with

Because the signs and symptoms are not as prevalent, like in autism, some physicians may just see the strange behaviors as “awkward” or “different”. Sometimes, just an observation of their behavior is all that is needed however; a psychosocial evaluation should be performed which can determine when the symptoms were first recognized. With this evaluation, a physician can develop a pattern of unusual behaviors, language patterns or habits. If applicable, a blood test or imaging studies may be done to rule out any other underlying physical cause. Many children are diagnosed after 3, with majority being between the ages of 5 and 9.

The DSM-5 was published in 2013, after being revised by a task force and work groups of 160 researchers and clinicians (APA, 2017). The DSM-5 removed Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and other pervasive developmental disorders to replace them with the umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in 2013 (Autism Society, 2016, para. 2). The reasoning for the change was that diagnosis was difficult, professionals would change diagnosis of the same individual often, and there was overlap of the previous disorders, therefore, a spectrum would make diagnosis easier. The spectrum includes Level 1, requiring very substantial support, Level 2, requiring substantial support, and Level 3, requiring support. AD is considered high-functioning

The DSM-5 contains reorganized, consolidated, and clarified content to adhere more relevantly to clinical practice. This included the consolidation of autism disorder, Asperger’s syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) into a single diagnosis of

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that is characterised by impairments in social communication, repetitive or stereotypical behaviours, and limited range of interests (Anagnoustou et al. 2014). These symptoms are often evident from early childhood and vary between individuals in their severity and influence on everyday functioning. This continuum of symptoms of ASD is reflected in the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), a revision from previous diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV, which identified four separate disorders in association with autism-related symptoms (DSM5, 2013). Another important aspect of the new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD is the condition

Autism Spectrum Disorder also known as autism is a developmental disability and also a neurological disorder that stays in a lifetime in an individual which is characterized by the individual having challenges when interacting and in social communication. The individual develop repeated and restricted behaviors. The term spectrum used in this condition refers to the variance and severity of challenges that people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) undergo. Initially, there was a range of terms that were used to refer to this condition like autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder among others (Castelli, 2002). With the publication done in May 2013, of the DSM-5 Diagnostic manual, all the autism disorders were put under one roof that was called

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, defines a person with autism spectrum disorder as having persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction. This includes having deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, and deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships. Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder, which concludes that it consists of developmental delays in basic functioning such as socialization and communication. Pervasive developmental disorders are also called Autism Spectrum Disorders or ASD (DSM-V). The fifth edition does not distinguish between the specific disorders.

This study was done by Neul et al. to better understand the developmental patterns of Rett syndrome. It was designed and executed to learn more about typically developing Rett syndrome with a normal regressive pattern in comparison to atypical Rett Syndrome. This study was restricted to females under the age of ten to better assess the parental questionnaire portion of the study. The authors of this article looked to find patterns within the development of certain skills. Since many of these skills are lost later on in development, the authors began to look at the variation in the gene mutation and how it affects within syndrome variability in Rett syndrome. (Neul, et al. 2014).

Rett’s syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the gradual loss of purposeful hand movements and development of characteristic, stereotypical hand movements (hand– wringing or hand – washing movements); loss of previously acquired speech; psychomotor retardation; ataxia; truncal apraxia; deceleration of head circumference; and autistic symptoms. These characterizations start to appear in a normally developed child after 6 months to 48 months of age170.

Based on the new version (2013) of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder that can cause problems with thinking, feeling, language and the ability to relate to others. The effects this neurological disorder, which is due to the malfunctioning of the brain are different in each person . The concept of autistic spectrum disorder is broad, and not restricted to the classic clinical picture. ASD Characteristics in DSM-5 changed from triad (social, communication, behavioral) into a dyad by combining the social and communication domains and it showed the importance of these

Autism is a disorder that affects social communication skills, speech, intellectual ability and fine and gross motor skills. It is a developmental disorder that is diagnosed during childhood, when diagnosed with this disorder it is expected to stretch throughout life since it has no cure. The disorder is officially known as autism spectrum disorder. This is so because the diagnoses has five spectrum namely; Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and autistic disorder (http://www.verywell.com). In this research study, I am hoping to be able to take a closer look at autism spectrum disorder to find out the causes, characteristics, implications and management since it has no cure. Much has been written about autism, though most of the discourse about autism is rhetoric. There still are no clear answers to many questions that has been posed as to why autism and its causes. A ton of facts are known about autism, although these facts have not necessarily proved the causes of autism or provided cure.

DSM-V is structured with only one listing of autism, as stated above titled Autism Spectrum Disorder, and broken down into five different sections. The first section