Bacteria in Recycling Wastewater

The Duck Creek watershed in Scott County, IA is currently facing high levels of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria contamination. This pollution has put the watershed on the impaired waters list for the state of Iowa. The impaired waters list is a comprehensive list of every waterway in a state that has a contamination problem according to EPA regulations (insert source for impaired waters explanation & EPA regulations). Much of the pollution that can be found in the Duck Creek watershed is coming from nonpoint source (NPS) pollution. Nonpoint source pollution significantly contributes to the deterioration of water quality due to the difficulty in identifying, assessing and controlling the sources of this type of pollution (citation Wang). This pollution is caused by runoff moving over the land. It picks up and carries away natural and human-made pollutants, finally depositing them into lakes, streams, rivers, wetlands and even our underground sources of drinking water (citation SCSWCD). Examples of nonpoint sources in the watershed could include failing septic systems, livestock access to streams, pastures full of manure, fertilizers applied to crops, miscellaneous urban sources such as gasoline or oil, pet waste, and wildlife (citation SCSWCD). Another source of NPS pollution is that conventional urban storm

The Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County have devised a system to provide wastewater management and have implanted ways to recycle a lot of this water. The three treatments are

Sediments are the main source of water pollution, contributing to turbidity issues as well as irregular or harmful nitrite/nitrate, phosphorus, and pH levels. This contributes to the death of marine organisms and can also change which organisms can survive in the body of water as its conditions change due to runoff. Anthropogenic runoff is also a contributor of adverse water effects, such as cultural eutrophication from fertilizer runoff, and also results in the death of aquatic animals and shifts in which organisms are more prominent in the ecosystem. This lab will address the effects soil will have on variables concerning water quality. There is also the option of including fish and/or aquatic plants in the water column, which are independent variables as well as the soil. The pH, ammonia levels, nitrite levels, temperature, D.O., and physical attributes are the dependent variables that will be measured during the lab. The qualitative physical tests (turbidity and odor) will portray the physical state and cleanliness of the water, as well as the level of runoff from the soil.

Mostly, wastewaters are usually perilous and unhealthy for human beings, aquatic plants and animals in addition to responsible for the deterioration of environment so it should be treated earlier to its disposal into the aquatic medium and land surfaces. After secondary treatment of domestic and agro-industrial polluted water still discharges large amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen. Such increased percentage of nutrients leads to eutrophication of lakes, rivers, ponds and seas which also leads to augmentation of algal bloom (Lau et al., 1997; Trepanier et al., 2002) and throwing away of wastewaters produces a steady threat to fading of natural resources of fresh water on worldwide (Montaigne and Essick, 2002). Under the extreme nutrients in the wastewater, such as

The project shall install wastewater treatment system. The wastewater shall be treated to meet the effluent standard, then discharging out of the power plant and shall be connected by OWNER at 1m out of boundary of the power plant.

When measuring for bacteria, results from both the total Coliform count and the Fecal Coliform were collected. Total Coliform accounts for all types of bacteria that is transferred to water by facilitators such as: soils plants and animals, whereas, fecal coliform is found in the intestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals. Something should be done about water contamination if any coliform is found in the water (Vermont Dpt. of Health 2014). The EPA has set the standard regulation for coliform in drinking water at zero because of the high levels of risk associated with the presence of bacteria in drinking water,. Nitrate, an additional impurity measured, can also have damaging effects if consumed. Nitrate can enter drinking water from the runoff of fertilizer use, erosion, sewage and the septic tanks leaks. As stated by the Environmental Protection Agency, “Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome”(EPA 2014). The EPA also sets standard maximum contaminant level at 10 mg/L. When completing the experiment, phosphate, which is naturally occurring in rocks and mineral deposits and is released during erosion processes facilitated by weather and time, was also measured. Excess phosphate can promote an increase in plant growth, and in some cases catalyze the death of fish and other aquatic invertebrates due to the presence of algal blooms. There has been no

During the last twenty years the USEPA has been evaluating decentralized wastewater treatment technologies as a reliable alternative for wastewater treatment. In 1997, the EPA submitted to congress its Report and subsequent documents endorsing decentralized wastewater treatment as a permanent long-term solution for wastewater treatment. The Report stated that adequately managed decentralized wastewater systems are a cost effective long-term option for meeting public health and water quality goals, particularly in less densely populated areas. The following is a summary the key components of the Report:

Water contamination due to increased population and industrial activities is one of the most challenging issues to the researchers, because it is continuously increasing threats to both human health and the environment. With the rapid development of industries such as metal plating facilities, mining operations, fertilizer industries, tanneries, batteries, paper industries and pesticides, etc.,(1,2) heavy metals wastewaters are directly or indirectly discharged into the environment increasingly, especially in developing countries. Unlike organic contaminants, heavy metals are not biodegradable and tend to accumulate in living organisms. Many heavy metal ions are known to be toxic or carcinogenic and cause high blood pressure, anemia, cancer, renal kidney disease, nervous system

There are several different technologies used at the Eastern Treatment Plant for treating sewerage until it becomes Class A treated effluent. An overview of the process can be seen in Figure 1 below:

Looking at the Wheaton Sanitary District historical weekly wastewater treated data the treatment capacity of the plant exceeded the design capacity at least 5 times in last 8 years highlighted in red text in the "Figure - The Wheaton Sanitary District historical weekly wastewater treated data: 2008-2015".

Clean water supply is essential in establishing and maintaining a healthy community. There are two sources of water supply which are the surface water and ground water. Most natural waters are not suitable for consumption as it is contaminated by pathogens and also natural chemicals and minerals. In addition, as a city grew, wastes from human activities contaminate most of the water supplies. Water treatment plays an important role to properly treat a contaminated source of water supply in order to protect the health of consumers. Water treatment process is defined as a process of eliminating pollutants from untreated water to produce a biologically and chemically risk-free water, which is both potable and palatable for human consumption

This report provides analysis and evaluation of a newly designed wastewater treatment facility for Sand Valley, Nevada. Analysis will include Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) along with total, volatile, and fixed suspended solids. Methods for analysis will include the Winkler Test for BOD and a Hatch test for the suspend solids.

The scope of this project is in accordance to the function of a Wastewater Treatment Plant and that includes the design which will ensure that the effluent is based on the standards and regulations of the government which can be met with reasonable ease and cost (Qasim, 1985, p. 6). Aside from the construction of the facility, the scope of the project also looks into the different methods as to how the facility can produce quality wastewater which is safe to be disposed to the local waterways. The main priority of the project is to produce an effluent which follows the appropriate discharge requirements given by the authorities.

The disposal of untreated wastewater coming from the industries into the water bodies will pollute the water bodies because of its high concentrations. So, the wastewater produced from the industry should be treated properly to meet the permissible limits given by central and state pollution control boards. Therefore it is necessary to treat the wastewater properly with the help of an appropriate treatment plant. However, the treatment plant even though properly planned may not work satisfactory because of several reasons. Hence, it is essential to evaluate the treatment plant considering individual treatment unit in the entire treatment flow. In the present work emphasis has been given to the study of the performance of treatment facilities because of its importance in the conventional treatment of wastewater. Hence, the literature review related to the evaluation of the entire treatment process along with biological treatment process particularly suspended growth process Activated Sludge Process (ASP), attached growth process Trickling Filter (TF) and a combination of the both suspended and attached growth process Hybrid Reactor (HR) is presented in the following sections of this chapter.

Wastewater contains a host of physical, chemical and biological components, it is therefore primordial to have standards which govern the usage of the treated wastewater. Since the treated wastewater can have different uses such as for irrigation, in industries or even aquifer recharge, different standards are required. The restricted agriculture irrigation means that the crops irrigated must imperatively be cooked before consumption and therefore require less stringent parameters. Another use which does not require stringent parameters is industrial cooling, as there is less chance of humans coming into contact with the treated wastewater.