Internation Business Case Study
Bank of Amerian and
The Chinese Credit Card Market
1. How important is China to Bank of America? Did BOA do the right thing by taking a minority position in CCB?
We considered that Bank of America’s taking minority position in CCB (9 percent, as stated from the case) is an adequate decision. Looking at the situation from the perspective of a firm in search for successful overseas expansion, we considered that CCB - one of the largest commercial banks in China - could serve as a profitable business partner. A big advantage is that CCB has relationships with many of the largest business groups and leading companies in industries strategically important to China's economy. Another is that CCB already
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The biggest problem is the deeply-rooted savings culture, which was the result of tradition, fiscal discipline and personal experience. It is expected to take time for the Chinese to become more comfortable with borrowing money. Another challenging fact was that more than half the Chinese cardholders were unprofitable and financing themselves outside the formal financial systems which hinder the profitability of the credit card business. Other issues include falling transfer fees due to pressure from the merchants and retailers, government corruption, higher propensity to switch banks, and lack of adequate infrastructure.
The current market situation yields both edges of the knife; very promising in the sense that it is an emerging opportunity to seize hold of a beneficial business, but also proves to be dangerous in both cultural and political aspects of the country, especially considering the fact that BCA may not be so familiar with the market situation as it is not a local business. Considering both the potential promising aspects and the challenges that BCA faces in entering further into the Chinese credit card industry, its decision to take minority position in CCB at current status seems to be a reasonable one.
2. What is your assessment of the credit card business in China? Given the unique Chinese saving traits, what is your prognosis on the viability of this business?
In China, a credit card, called The
The Bank of the United States was designed to make money and build an economy. It was designed by men like Alexander Hamilton and Robert Morris, but did not benefit the common citizen as much as wealthy investors. Why did a fledgling government need to borrow millions from overseas in order to invest in a “national” bank, to turn around and then borrow the same money back and pay interest on it? The banking system developed by Alexander Hamilton and Robert Morris was prime pickings for speculators, and laid the groundwork for a history of unscrupulous activity regarding our nation’s money supply that continues to this day. The signatures on the Constitution were barely dry before corruption and
Capital One uses IT through its information-based strategy (IBS) to “record, organize, and analyze data on the characteristics and behaviors of their customers,” as stated by CEO Richard Fairbank. Their philosophy was to exploit information by constructing scientific models that could be used to both assess the creditworthiness of potential cardholders through FICO scoring, and to customize product offerings for existing ones. This was done through data mining, sorting, customizing offers and marketing campaigns, and then analyzing this data to see what campaigns worked – for what reason and what
The bank at some point received negative attention for issuing credit to arms companies, including companies like Boeing, Lockheed Martin, General Dynamics, Textron, Colbun, BAE Systems and EADS. Some companies within the bank’s portfolio have also been involved in environmental and labor rights violations scandals, for instance Wal-Mart and Total USA. This negative attention may lead to loss of investor confidence in the bank.
3. Is CoMark an attractive investment? What are your major concerns with the proposed deal? How attractive is the purchase price?
The following report will further examine the RBC Royal Bank brand, critically examining two promotional examples and how it uses IMC tools and channels to achieve their positioning. RBC Banking has successfully positioned itself as a friendly, approachable bank successfully reaching out to people who are in a more established stage in their life. This older demographic consists of people or couples who are ready to buy a house or attain a mortgage, going to make a large investment or looking to invest. Despite a more older generation as their primary target audience, they have made significant efforts to appeal to Millennials with targeted advertisements and promotions. As previously in the Positioning Analysis, the connection between
Andrew pays the Chinese workers 50% less than he did with the British workers and only 5% of the employees are in a trade union meaning that there is a less likely chance of a strike occurring. There is also a 40% number of staff that is temporary in the business which means that Andrew can choose to hire and lay off staff during peak periods and when they are not needed. They also have close links to recently graduated university students. The ROCE in China is 3.44% which is a lot better than that of the -9.24% in the UK. The asset turnover in the UK was 1.17 and in China it was 2 which mean that they are selling more of their products in China than they were in the UK. The gearing ratio in China is 50.17% which is average for the business and means that they are not in risk of when the interest rate rise they will lose a lot of revenue. The employees that had been working at Burkinshaw had worked there a long time before hand and had possessed unique skills that would allow them to be in a niche market of handmade pottery products that had been hand made to a high quality standard. In the UK the defective products was only 5.0% which was lower than China by 2.5%. The EU and USA markets had showed more percentage of sales growth in Burkinshaw’s Plc markets than China did in 2005-2010 which would have been a safe bet to go with rather than going to China.
2008 financial crisis caused severe trauma on the world economy, although the economy of China grew moderately, China 's financial system is very fragile, the financial laws and regulations are deficient, the structure of foreign change reserve is very risky, because China has huge foreign exchange reserve of US dollar, which makes China also suffer from the financial crisis. Financial crisis is caused by the American subprime mortgage, to combat the financial crisis, the United States issued a substantial amount of U.S. dollars, which makes the U.S. dollar depreciate continuously, and this action makes many countries that have great amount of foreign exchange reserves in U.S. dollars suffer huge losses. China has the largest foreign exchange reserves in the world, in 2008, China’s foreign exchange reserves had reached $ 2 trillion, the continues devaluation of the U.S. dollar make China suffered a lot, thus the international capital system based on U.S. dollars has been questioned, China and other countries that also hold a huge amount of U.S. dollars started to build a new international capital structure. In 2011, China, Japan
Bank of America is one of the largest banks in the nation. It is a multinational company and it is recognized by its high revenue value. Unfortunately, Bank of America has endured many complaints and harsh views regarding their lack of ethics. Ethical issues occur when there is a blatant disregard to implement integrity, trust, and responsibility. In some financial institutions, ethical matters are displayed in the way the consumers are treated. Within the past nine years, Bank of America has diminished all of their ethical promises by revealing customer information without their permission; discriminating against consumers based on their race; and manipulating overdraft fees in order to benefit the bank. In order to assess these problems, it is vital to recognize what Bank of America claims to stand for and determine where their most concerning issues are generated from.
For the threat of new entrants, the financial market in United States is fiercely competitive. The threat of new entrants is not serious for some companies that have been famous for a long time. Capita One continued to seek technological innovation and adopt the diversification strategy, they stick to running business including credit cards, auto loans, family loans, savings, personal credit, insurance and so on. According to the data on MBAlib website, by the end of 2017, the credit card loan balance of Capital One was 97 billion 100 million dollars, which is the third place in the U.S credit card market. The companies in the first and second is 141 billion 800 million of Morgan and 133 billion 300 million of Citigroup. The revenue of credit card accounts for 62.8% of the total revenue.
The market mix may vary between different countries, only because the countries differ in their relative economic strengths. Some countries may differ in the timing of demand for various products. There are differences in promotions in different countries. The advertising will have to be translated in different countries. People in some countries are more receptive to advertising than others. Countries often have arbitrary rules on what can be advertised and what can be claimed (International Marketing). Firms will often try to charge high prices to subsidiaries in countries with high taxes so the income earned will be minimized.
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce or CIBC as most know it, has been operating since 1867. They are a profit corporation that offers public banking and financial services to individuals, small businesses, and also other corporations. CIBC is a Canadian corporation that has branched out and now does business in Europe, Asia, Australia, Latin America, and of course The United States (Wikipedia).
The Royal Bank of Canada (RBC, RBC Royal Bank, or RBC Financial Group) is the largest banking institution in Canada. RBC serves more than 18 million clients and has over 80,000 employees distributed all over the world (RBC 2008). The company corporate headquarters are located in Montreal, Quebec, and its operational head office is in Toronto, Ontario. RBC is listed as the largest Canadian company by revenue and market capitalization by The Globe and Mail and was ranked at 50 in the 2013 Forbes Global 2000 listing. The company has operations in Canada, and 51 other countries (RBC 2011). In May 2004, the Royal Bank of Canada experienced a crisis which involved a programming change to an essential piece of banking software. Generally, this is
There is also the chance to join with other companies such as the cooperation opportunity with 3M. The 3M proposition definitely is a value added advantage to Yunnan Baiyao as it will be able to leverage off 3M’s global presence and expertise that it lacks. Being associated with a reputable American company may also provide easier access through the regulatory barrier.
reputation of Chase bank as a lead international underwriter. What’s more there is another argument in
Also the consumer behavior in china was very different than in Canada. In china the saving rates per family were much higher than in Canada and Usa. Families were accustomed to save a considerable amount of money for other future issues rather than in electronic products as in Canada and Usa, which are higher consumer societies.