Benefits Of Selective Breeding And Plant Breeding

A breed is a particular set of domestic animals or plants having uniform look and behavior, that differentiate it from other animals or plant. While as Domestication is the process whereby a population of living organisms is changed at the genetic level, through generations of selective breeding, to accentuate traits that ultimately benefit humans. The deliberate breeding of animals and other species to get required features by human beings is called selective breeding. It includes breeding methods such as inbreeding, line breeding etc. The animals that are produced are tamed, and the breeding is usually done by an expert breeder.

Selective Breeding is the process through which plants and animals with certain traits are bred together to produce an offspring with desired traits. In other words, the process in which humans choose the traits which they want in a plant or animal, and they breed them hoping for a plant which can grow bigger, or maybe an animal which can be stronger. Selective Breeding is all about the inheritance of genes and alleles. Scientists may breed individuals to their desired traits, whilst also being aware of possible recessive genes. Chromosomes which carry genetic codes for an organism, determine the features and characteristics of that organism. Each organism has different features and characteristics, this is when selective breeding takes place,

Humans have been manipulating genetic transfer for over 10,000 years since our hunter- gatherer ancestors began to settle in one place and started farming and planting crops. Those humans observed and chose organisms from natural selection to select and breed organisms that showed characteristics desired by them and this began the process of selective breeding. Selective breeding favours recessive alleles that do not persist in wild populations. Selective breeding is a process of increasing the frequency of rare and recessive alleles so that they appear in homozygous form. This has the effect of eliminating the alleles for wild type from the population and the process of domestication has become irreversible. The domestic species has become dependent on humans for their survival. It is from these domestic species that humans have selected and breed favourable genetic traits for their benefit, be it higher yield in plant crops, sweeter tasting fruit, and more milk from dairy cows or ease of handling stock, selective breeding continues to be used today.

Artificial selection – a breeder that selects desired traits for a species and then breeds that species to have those traits.

Genetically modified crops are an incredibly important issue that everyone should be aware of since it is something we are exposed to at a daily basis. Genetically modified crops also known as GM crops or Biotech crops has been one of the most heated debates of issues within our society. The debate about the safety, concerns and disadvantages of GM crops have raged since the mid 1990 's but this is due to the lack of knowledge of the general public. Many people are unaware of what the GM crops actually are and what they offer. Genetically modified crops are plants that are used in the agriculture and have been modified to initiate a new trait to plants that does not happen naturally in the species. These plants are modified using genetic engineering techniques to enhance desired traits. GM crops are made when genes of commercial interest are transferred from one organism to another.() There are many methods used for the production of GM crops but the two primary used for plant insertion are gene guns and agrobacterium tumefaciens. There are also three types of modifications which are transgenic, cisgenic, and subgenic plants. However, there are a number of issues that surround this controversial topic such as environmental, health, and economic concerns. Even though there are some worrying facts about GM crops people don 't realize the advantages or the ways it has helped humans as well as animals. There are many reasons why GM crops are proven

Selective breeding in animals and plants is still carried out by both commercial and hobby breeders/growers. Selective breeding allows you to be able to breed/grow the exact animal/plant you want, so they can serve the purpose you want them to. Selective breeding can be used to minimise the impacts and/or treat genetic disease.

There is processes that can pick animals with desirable traits breed them and get a hybrid animal that has those same traits. Selective Breeding is a process that has been used for thousands of years by millions of people, but now we are starting to see some problems arise such as disease and deformities. Selective breeding has resulted in varieties of domesticated plants and animals. Selective Breeding is when humans take two animals with desired traits and breed them to produce offspring with the desired traits (Buckley Jr., Selective Breeding). The selective breeding process is used in cows, pigs or basically any livestock, and pets. Livestock is breed for food products such as meat or dairy for consumption. One of the leading reasons why people use selective breeding is money. Dairy farmers breed cows that produce the most milk and are then inbreed to the young to strengthen the genetics so that each generation will bring more profit than the last (Wallace Genetics paragraph 14). Their traits are picked through artificial selection.

A: Traditionally breeding and genetic engineering both involved artificial selection for desired traits. However genetic engineering techniques facilitate faster gen transfer and are not limited to transferring genes between closely related varieties or species.

Humans have manipulated the natural selection process for many years to preserve favorable traits in their pets, crops and livestock. Long before Darwin, farmers were manipulating heritable traits of their plants and animals. For example, kale, broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower are just cultivated forms of wild mustard through artificial selection of certain attributes. When compared and contrasted, natural selection aims for fitness to survival whereas artificially selected traits are based solely on what the breeder desires. Hence, artificial selection can cause some problem traits to predominate in a species. An example is Dobermans, a breed of dog. Dobermans have been selectively bred for a certain appearance. In the process, a genetic

‘Selective breeding is the process by which humans select organisms with desirable traits and breed them together so the trait appears in the next generation. The process is repeated over many generations until the characteristic becomes common. Selective breeding now often uses reproductive technologies, such as artificial insemination and marker assisted selection, so that the desirable characteristics of one male can be passed onto many offspring. This increases the rate at which the desirable trait is passed to progeny. Marker assisted selection is a molecular technique used to screen a genome for genetic markers that indicate desirable traits. (*1).

Selective breeding is evolution by human selection. You take two animals with good genes and breed them to achieve a desired phenotypic or genotypic result. The result should end up with the offspring having equally good genetics with its parents or better genetics. It is a carefully planned selection oriented toward a decided standard. This needs great care in selecting animals with specific qualities. Selective breeding, as an example the Belgian blue cow is breeding a trait by human choice. The cow was created by breeding the strongest cows together. “A true breeding policy was established in the early 20th century, when the breed was established. At one time the breed was divided into two strains, one primarily for milk production and the other a beef animal. Selection is now primarily for beef.” The Belgian Blue has been selectively bred for muscle. The cows that showed the characteristics of having muscle of the bunch were selected to breed.

A transgenic organism, or genetically modified organism, is any organism whose DNA has been changed using genetic engineering techniques. Organisms may be genetically modified for any number of reasons. Genetic engineering may be done to improve the organism's health, to add immunity to specific threats, or to make a certain trait more dominant. An example of a transgenic organism is the GloFish, a genetically engineered fluorescent fish.

Selective breeding; also known as artificial selection, this is a process of which humans can use animal or plant breeding to produce particular phenotypes from certain animals/plants for which that will sexually produce and have offspring together

Many generations must be bred to understand the heritability of the certain trait that breeders are looking at. This is a slow process and can take many months since the offspring have to have offspring of their own and so on.

Everybody eats. Well, technically, everybody eats or else he or she dies. Food is essential to life. There are a lot of people on this earth which we all share and we all have the same issue. We are all in the same boat: we either eat or we die. As a species, we need to ensure that everyone has access to enough food. This is very challenging because we have only limited resources. We have developed tools to try to ensure everyone has enough food to survive. Agriculture is one of the main tools. For thousands of years we have been growing and selectively breeding thousands (if not millions) of different plant and animal species, types, and characteristics. As our understanding of things like genetics and behavior has increased; our methods