Bio 205 Workshop 2

7. What are the different taxonomic levels (in order from the largest to the smallest taxon)?

They have parts that are found in red algae and that part is called Prochlorococcus.

Euglena is part of the Euglenozoa clade and have animal and plant characteristics. The ability for Euglena to be able to interchange from being an autotroph and a heterotroph is referred to as being mixotropic. This genus exhibits all of the unique characteristics of the Euglenozoa clade such as: being unicellular and having flagella and chloroplasts. The flagella are located on the anterior of this organism, and are used for locomotion and heterotrophic feeding by engulfing their prey via phagocytosis. The chloroplast contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis, which helps the organism with autotrophic feeding. Euglena is photosynthetic and exhibits positive phototaxis behavior because they move towards light rather than away

They can inhabit a wide variety of substrates hence, they are widely distributed, and are found in an extensive array of habitats (6). The genus Aspergillus is the most common cause of otomycosis which comprises approximately 75% of the cases, with Aspergillus niger being the most common species and less common are the Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigates

Algae is one of the most diverse and interesting organisms on the planet. This is because there are over 10,000 unrelated species of organisms that contain chlorophyll and live in large bodies of water or moist land. Keeping a count of population size gives us a good indication of how certain species grow and interact with one another. By using two different species of Algae we can determine what types of interactions the two can encounter. The two species tested were Closterium and Micrasterias algae. We labeled them as species 1 and 2. The purpose of this lab is to determine whether the selected algae species will demonstrate competition or resource partitioning with the coexistence of each other versus alone. At the end of this lab we should be able to determine which species upheld the best under all of these circumstances.

1.) Explain how the Chlamydomonas, Pandorina and Volvox alga demonstrate the differences between unicellular organisms, colonial organisms and true multicellular organisms. (What are the key differences)

In order to convert algae to biomass we have to first understand what algae is. There are two main categories of algae, microalgae and macroalgae. Microalgae are unicellular organisms that use photosynthesis to produce biochemicals. They can live individually, or in masses (macroalgae) which are the many forms of seaweed. Microalgae have been on the planet as one of the

2001). Of the three, S. cardinale is the most pathogenic, producing the most seiridins (fungal metabolites that are toxic to trees), and is most commonly associated with cypress canker in the literature (for this reason I will focus on S. cardinale during the remainder of this review) (Graniti 1998).

Protozoa are unicellular aerobic eukaryotes. They have a nucleus, complex organelles, and obtain nourishment by absorption or ingestion through specialized structures. They make up the largest group of organisms in the world in terms of numbers, biomass, and diversity. Their cell walls are made up of cellulose. Protozoa have been traditionally divided based on their mode of locomotion: flagellates produce their own food and use their whip-like structure to propel forward, ciliates have tiny hair that beat to produce movement, amoeboids have false feet or pseudopodia used for feeding and locomotion, and sporozoans are non-motile. They also have different means of nutrition, which groups them as autotrophs or heterotrophs.

Pests and diseases can be devastating and their control in mushroom is a constant cost which is involved and complicated.

Mycology is the branch of biology deals with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical behavior, their taxonomy, identification and their use to humans as a source for medicine, food, and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as poisoning or infection. Mycology had its history from the old times, it is presumed that humans collect fungi from prehistoric times. Fungi are group of eukaryotic microorganism that has the capability to decompose the organic matter and so called as scavengers. Water borne conidial fungi, previously known as Hyphomycetes represent the major microbial elements of decaying leaves in running fresh water. These fungi are characterized by their magnificent conidial types.

Algae is everywhere aquatic so it has any shape or form. Algae is usually identified as sheets of green, it is not the case as algae has many colors. Red, orange, brown, and yellow are some colors algae can be. It grows in the sea, fresh water, you name it. It can grow in small patches or a huge old sheet of it if there’s not so many fish to eat it and the water is very nutritious. It grows on the surface layers of water. It can grow on the beaked sea snake and pretty much every fish, object, skeleton, whatever in the ocean. Algae can spread throughout water by waves, objects, or animals.

Fusarium spp., including F. verticillioides, F. semitectum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, and F. sporotrichoides. Nevertheless, fungi of one species may have different pathogenic levels, it is reported that, F. semitectum and F. verticillioides have the biggest pathogenicity (Lassois et al. 2010).

Significant and well established criteria to classify these fungi are using anastomosis groups (AG) (Carling et al., 1998, Kuninaga et al., 2000). Hyphae of two isolates belong to the same AG are able to fuse with each other. R. solani has 13 AGs. The binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. include 21 AGs (Sneh Burpee and Ogoshi 1991), and the uninucleate Rhizoctonia spp. include only one AG to date (Hietala Sen, and Lilja 1994; Sen Hietala and Zelmer 1999).

various plant pathogenic fungi (Deshmukh et al., 2010; Barakat et al., 2014 and Ragab et al., 2015). Trichoderma as antagonist is much more complex, that is nutrient competition, hyperparasitism, antibiosis, space and cell wall degrading enzymes (Abd-El-Khair et al., 2010 and Junid et al., 2013).