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Biology Lab Report

Decent Essays

Introduction The final project of the Spring 2018 Foundations of Biology lab focuses on investigating variation in a population. As a class we study population variation to better understand evolution and the mechanics behind it. What is the basis of evolution? The basis of evolution is the differences in the alleles carried by the members of the population in their genome. The differentiation in allele frequency accounts for a majority of the observable hertable differences in a population. Specifically in this project we are anaylzing variation in the population of our Foundations of Biology class. The main objective of this experiment is to investigate the genetic variation in the Foundations of Biology class by looking at two specific …show more content…

The LCT gene on the 2nd chromosome encodes for the specific enzyme lactase. Lactase can digest lactose the major sugar in milk. Individuals who do not have the enzyme lactase are unable to digest lactose and the sugar is sent directly to the colon for fermentation. A majority of the world population lose their ability to produce lactase. This phenomenon is known as adult-type hypolactasia. This phenomena is the ancestral trait of LCT. Lactose tolerance stemmed from a polymorphism of a C -> T base pair change on the LCT locus. Lactose tolerance is dominant to adukt-type hypolactasia. There is a high T frequency in people of european descent because of positive selection and the invention of dairy farming.The TAS2R38 gene on the 7th chromosome translates the protein that allows people to taste the bitterness of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). PTC is a synthetic chemical created by Arthur Fox in 1930. Fox did not notice the bitter taste but his collegue could taste the bitterness. The ability to taste PTC is one of the most studied human traits around. There are only two common types of alleles for PTC tasting in humans but at least five other rare alleles that affect the phenotype. The taster allele is the PAV allele and the nontaster allele is the AVI allele. (Leicht and McAllister,

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