Cancer Biology Section 1 Study questions
What is lifetime risk of getting cancer for men and women in US?
Male-1:2
Female-1:3 Which cancer are men mostly likely to get in the US? Women?
Male-Prostate
Female-Breast Which cancers are the most deadly and least deadly (US)?
Most deadly- Lung
Least deadly- non-melanoma skin cancer Name the cell-types that define carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemia’s. Which type is most common?
Carcinomas- glands, organs and tissues, arise from epithelial cell lining external and internal body surfaces; most common cancer
Sarcomas- connective tissues (fat, bone, muscle)
Lymphomas- lymph nodes
Leukemias- bloodstream. Describe and identify normal tissues, tissues undergoing
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those who inherit hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) have higher likelihood of developing cancer
Other types of DNA Damage
Some chemicals can induce the loss of bases
Some chemicals can induce the modification of bases: Note: Conversion of C to U will result in a C:G to A:T mutation after replication
UV radiation induced pyrimidine (Mostly T) dimer formation. Explain the difference between the two classes of carcinogens: promoters and mutagens, and how they sometimes work together to increase the risk of cancer development. What is a complete carcinogen? How is the Ames test used?
Carcinogens: Substances
You would expect for the normal lung cells to not have to divide as often because those cells are not exposed to many things through out the day. The normal stomach cells on the other hand would be expected to divide more because there is a lot of acidity in the stomach and therefore those cells are exposed to a lot of things on a daily basis. As for the ovaries you would expect that there would be a little more cell division because that is where new life is formed and all of the things that come along with that which means that there should be more division going on.
Cancer is characterized by unregulated/uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. The etiological factors of Cancer include both external factors (tobacco, infectious organisms, chemicals, and radiation) and inherent factors (inherited mutations, hormones, immune conditions, and mutations that occur from metabolism). The etiological factors may act together or in sequence to trigger the development of cancer. It may take several years for the manifestation of the disease to be obvious after the initial trigger.
The tumor board conference I attended was held on Tuesday March 27, 2018 at 7:00 AM, at Northwest Community Hospital. The pathology for the patient I chose was an atypical carcinoid in her lungs.
Hearing a diagnosis of cancer leaves most patients in a state of shock and unsure of what their next step should be. While they are still wrapping their brain around the diagnosis, they are being bombarded with information, testing, and multiple physician appointments. They need guidance and support to direct them through the complicated health care system in a timely fashion that reduces the delay in their treatment, as well as assist them in identifying and overcoming any barriers to these delays.
The American Cancer Society is one of the most effective ways to learn about the different the various types of cancer. The reason why I chose this organization is because I recently lost a very dear friend to brain cancer. A lot of people do not know the signs and symptoms of cancer and I feel as if this is a great way to inform people about it.
Cancer occurs when cells in the human body create irregularities and start to duplicate at anomalous quick rates. The outcome is the development of tumors in or on the surface of the body and organs. Tumors might be generous (not destructive) or threatening (harmful). Since ordinary cell improvement and duplication is a moderate procedure which is well controlled, it is evident when cells duplicate so rapidly.
While there are several biological factors that have the ability to lead to cancer, genetics is the most currently researched. A study done by Bharaj, Scorilas, Giai and
The reason I chose to research liver cancer, was because both my Aunt and my Grandfather passed away due to liver cancer and it may be hereditary so it would be interesting for me to see what the main liver cancer causing agents are and how to lower the risk of getting it.
The cells that produce the pigment melanin that colors the skin, hair and eyes.Melanocytes also form moles, where melanoma often develops. Leukemia is a cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering the body's ability to fight infection.Drinking alcohol can increase your risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, larynx (voice box), liver, and breast.Doctors advise people who drink to do so in moderate amounts. Tobacco use is a leading cause of cancer and of death from cancer.Tobacco use causes many types of cancer, including cancer of the lung, larynx (voice box), mouth, esophagus, throat, bladder, kidney, liver, stomach, pancreas, colon and rectum, and cervix, as well as acute myeloid leukemia. People of all ages and skin tones should limit the amount of time they spend in the sun, especially between mid-morning and late afternoon, and avoid other sources of UV radiation, such as tanning beds. It is important to keep in mind that UV radiation is reflected by sand, water, snow, and ice and can go through windshields and windows.Substances and exposures that can lead to cancer are called carcinogens. Some carcinogens do not affect DNA directly, but lead to cancer in other
The appendix is a small bag on the colon with an unknown purpose. The inner lining of the appendix creates a amount of mucus that travels through the open central core of the appendix and into the cecum.the wall of the appendix also contains lymphatic tissue, a part of the body’s immune system that helps protect it from bacteria and foreign entities. It can become inflamed, fill with pus, infected and can rupture causing an abscess or systemic infection (sepsis).
Dr. Charles E. Crutchfield III, a clinical professor of dermatology at the University of Minnesota Medical School, and medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology states that there are three main types of skin cancer, the most common of which is basal cell carcinoma the second most common skin cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, and the final and and the most dangerous form of skin cancer is melanoma. According to the American Academy of Dermatology every year in the United States over two million people are diagnosed with some form of skin cancer.
carcinoma skin cancer is abnormal growths and or lesions that show up in the skins basal cell, which
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide as it can develop in almost any organ or tissue. Significant advances in understanding the cellular basis of cancer and the underlying biological mechanisms of tumour has been vastly improved in the recent years (Jiang et al. 1994). Cancer is a genetic disease which requires a series of mutation during mitosis to develop, its characteristics can be associated with their ability to grow and divide abnormal cells uncontrollable while in the mean time invade and cause nearby blood vessels to serve its need. Even though many people are affected by cancer today, the abilities which cancer cells have make it hard to find a single effective treatment for cancer. The focus of research now lies
Cancer is a disease that can change the life of a person no matter their age or nationality. Cancer can range from being life threatening to a low risk of death. Cancer cells are cells that do not follow the regular cell growth and division pattern. They go through cell division and produce rapidly. Cancer cells differ from regulating cells in the body because normal cells eventually die. Cancer cells, on the other hand, do not die when they should causing it to be very hard to cure cancer in your body.
There are so many diseases found worldwide that can either be cured or lead to death. Cancer is the name for a group of diseases in which the body’s cells are changed in appearance and function. This disease is the second most leading cause of death in the United States. Cancer can also develop from genetic defect. A single gene in a single chromosome that gets passed on from generation to generation. Cancer can be treated and cured, but may also deal with recurrence of the disease. The American Cancer Society defines cancer as a group of diseases that are characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. They can be classified by function and location of the cells from which they originate. These cancer classifications include Carcinomas, Sarcomas, Leukemias, Lymphoma. The most common cancers are Carcinomas known to originate in the body. Sarcomas are derived from connective tissues, fat, bone, muscle, or cartilage. Leukemias involves the blood cells, bone marrow, and other blood- forming organs. Lymphoma takes place in the lymphatic system. These cancers involve diseases of the body’s cells which have two primary sources called environmental factors and cellular factors. Environmental factors deals with lifestyle and environment exposure such as