Bioremediation And Reverse Transcriptase: Genetically Modified Organisms

Everett, Jason M., editor. “Water Pollution.” UXL Sustainable Living, vol. 3, UXL, Farmington Hills, MI, 2016, pp. 637–644. Gale Virtual Reference Library, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=unio34164&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE|CX3629600133&asid=11e26f20a65a3f2af34deb631d13d131. Accessed 2017.

With an ever growing human population and an ever developing world of technology, humans have found new ways to change the dynamics of the natural world for their own benefit.

The expression vector will be picked and cut, using the restriction enzyme Sma1. The cohesive ends will then be ligated with the blunt-ended cDNA. This process will be efficient with the inclusion of Oligonucleotide and T4 ligase (Croy, 2000) (4).

In transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary, antisense RNA strand called a primary transcript from a strand of DNA called sense strand.

A restriction enzyme recognizes and cuts DNA only at a particular sequence of nucleotides known as recognition sites.

Eukaryotic transposable genes are also separated in two major categories, class 1 retrotransposons and class 2 DNA transposons. These two classes have distinct features that differ from one another.

Another aspect of bioremediation that has received attention is the use of yeast to remediate environmental pollutants. Yeasts are known to withstand unfavorable environmental conditions, making it ideal for bioremediation. Most yeast is catalytically

Soil forms an important asset of today’s urban and rural population. Crops growing on fertile soils are important for feeding the millions around the globe. Accidental oil spills from water bodies and industries contaminate the soil in its vicinity. Also, pollution due to pesticides and insecticides have increasingly demanded soil clean up and restoration. Often we lay more emphasis on the role of biotic agents in remediation/ biodegradation but forget the important role that some physical effects have on the remediation of soils. This can be more advantageous and often is more effective in contaminant removal than other chemical or biological processes. The potential for using such an approach is clear in the fact that such methods are currently being used at some Superfund sites throughout the United States. They have been proven

The contaminated sites are directly treated using the microorganisms. Underground petroleum pipes sometimes have leakages. Such sites of contamination are directly treated with microorganisms that can degrade petroleum hydrocarbons. The same is applicable in case of oil spills and heavy metal contamination. Phytoremediation is brought about by certain special plants which can take up the pollutants and make them less available in the soil. Some examples of such plants are mustard, alpine pennycress, hemp and pigweed. When the soil which is to be treated with the microorganisms is stimulated by providing it with oxygen, it is known as bioventing. Bioleaching is a process where living organisms or microorganisms are used to extract metals from their respective ores. This process ensures that there is not much expenditure of both chemicals and energy to bring about the extraction. Land farming refers to amending the soil with organic amendments like vermicompost, bulking agents etc which are tilled into

Biotechnologists also play a big part in improving the environment by working in areas like waste removal.

EST sequences with vector sequence were edited using Phrap “cross-match” application. Contig Assembly Program 3 (Cap3) was used to assemble the sequences obtained from sequencing for analysis while Consed/Autofinish software was used to control the sequence assembly. All sequences were assembled separately into contigs. BLAST of sequences was conducted to determine the gene homology in order to connect their functions. Unique sequences were analysed for biological characteristics as well as functional annotation using program BLAST2GO. New genes can then be identified eventually.

In this paper, the necessary RNA data set was generated by subcellular fractionation of the 15 cell lines considered to analyse the human transcriptome. Thus isolated RNAs were classified into two categories long (>200 nucleotides) and short (<200 nucleotides) and the long transcripts were further separated into polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated transcripts.

Three different GS sequences (GS01, GS02 and GS03) have been identified through the sequencing and blastx searching. All the sequences contain a complete coding sequence (CDS) region and 5′ and 3′-UTRs. In this study we have attempted the characterization of the multiple GS cDNAs present. The characteristics details of the full-length cDNAs of GS01 (Accession No. JQ740737), GS02 (Accession No. JQ740738) and GS03 (Accession No. JX457351) are given in Table 2.

In an increasingly urbanized environment, many actions that benefit humans can consequently have a negative impact on the surrounding environment due to how interconnected Earth’s systems are: for example, chemical cleaning products that are often used in households and businesses, such as Clorox and Fantastic, are a convenient and useful way to disinfect surfaces and prevent the spread of diseases between family members, friends, and coworkers. They are cheap and easy to use, but their market prices tend not to accurately reflect their true cost, specifically the negative cost that their production and use has on the environment. Many household cleaning products contain ingredients that can be detrimental to environmental health. They are often abundant in Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s)—including formaldehyde and ammonia— and nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorous. These compounds make their way into waterways when they are flushed down the drain or reach the atmosphere through evaporation (Davis, n.d.). From there, they become incorporated into Earth’s physical systems, including material cycles such as the water cycle and the phosphorous, nitrogen, and carbon cycle, and overload their natural storages. The uncontrolled increase of nutrients leads to rapid plant growth, eutrophication and the eventual creation of dead zones in aquatic environments (“Nutrient Pollution: The Effects: Environment”, n.d.), while the release of VOC’s to the atmosphere

animals rely on, which we rely on the animals as a food source, and back to the rivers and