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DNA And DNA Analysis

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Part A
Done on the attached paper.

Answers to questions

1) How were you able to derive amino acids from your DNA sequence?

First of all, from the sense strand given in the question, I derived the antisense strand for it. This is done by using the complementary Nitrogenous base concept. Guanine complements Cytosine, Thymine complements Adenine and vice versa. Once this is done, we obtain the antisense strand.
Now the antisense strand is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA). Again Cytosine becomes Guanine, Guanine becomes cytosine, Adenine becomes Uracil and thiamine becomes Adenine. In this way we obtain an (mRNA) strand with codons (combinations of three nitrogenous bases). Now we obtain the tRNA by converting the codons into…show more content…
In transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary, antisense RNA strand called a primary transcript from a strand of DNA called sense strand.
In contrast with DNA replication, transcription results in an RNA complement that includes the nucleotideUracil (U) in all cases where Thymine (T) would have been in a DNA complement.
Only one of the two strands of DNA act as a template for transcription. The antisense strand of DNA is read by RNA polymerase starting from the 3' end to the 5' end during transcription which proceeds from 3' end to the 5' end. The complementary RNA is created in the exact opposite direction, i.e. the 5' to 3' direction, matching the sequence of the sensestrand with the exception of replacing uracil with thymine. This directionality occursas RNA polymerase is only able to add nucleotides to the 3' end of the elongating mRNA chain.
The non-template or sensestrand of DNA is termed as the coding strand as its sequence is the same as the newly created RNA transcript (except for the replacement of uracil for thymine)
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Transcription proceeds in the following general steps:

1. RNA polymerase, together with one or some other general transcription factors, binds to promoter DNA.
2. RNA polymerase makes a transcription bubble, which divides the two strands of the DNA helix. This is achieved by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary
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