Bohemia's War Research Paper

The burden of paying taxes fell upon the peasantry since the majority of nobility and high bourgeoisie were either exempt or effortlessly evaded payment. The social distress amongst the peasantry caused by the war taxation resulted in several uprisings between 1636 and 1639, which the Cardinal crushed violently and dealt with the rebels in a harsh manner which Machiavelli would have promoted.#

The thirty years war was an important conflict in the Holy Roman Empire that started in 1618 and ended in 1648. It was fought between the German states and the Emperor; it was fought between Catholics and Protestants, and it was also fought between outside nations against each other. The thirty years war started with religious rivalries between Catholics and Protestants with some political ambitions, but eventually developed mainly into a war of dynastic ambitions with many groups attempting to gain political power over their opponents.

In the 7 years war, the French fought with Austria against Britain and Prussia. The French lost

The Thirty Years War that spanned most of the Holy Roman Empire drawing in most of the European superpowers of the time started off as a much smaller rebellion in the Kingdom of Bohemia in the east of the Empire. The Bohemian revolt started with the Defenestration of Prague where two Catholic regents and a secretary were thrown out of a window by a group of frustrated Protestants. The regents had been placed in control of the city by the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, Matthias to rule until his successor, Ferdinand of Styria, was elected to replace him. The Protestants were frustrated because their petitions to Matthias asking

Large scale centralized governments in Europe that were thriving during the ninth century found themselves deteriorating in the tenth and even eleventh century. Empires no longer had a tight grip on those who inhabited the land. Notably, each sector and individual empire of Europe experienced this loss of control differently. Many of the empires in western Europe, like the Carolingian empire, experienced fragmentation and a lack of unification as locals of influential families began to take rule. With these local rulers, the borders of each empire vanished or became a blur. To illustrate, regions “as small as a few square miles” were under the control of various lords who in their right, acted as independent rulers (SH p.128). Even to the east, the Byzantines experienced a lack of control as the wealthy Dalasseni family could defy the emperor and also form rebellions against him (SH. 117). Adding to this fragmentation, Europe experienced detrimental invasions from the Vikings, Muslims, and the Magyars (Hungarians). Due to this division, Europe as a whole became multi-ethnic and multilingual. Because of this overall disintegration of peoples, existing rulers became heavily dependent upon vassals; individuals who voluntarily made a public bond with a commanding lord. Lords at the time did not have an abundance of people to whom they could trust and carry out their dealings. The feudal system of lords and vassals as revealed in Love and Complaints in Angouleme, which emphasized

Between 1358 and 1399 revolts were occurring rapidly. During these years France underwent terrible violence and much destruction. These riots started after the Hundred Years’ War when heavy taxes were put upon the peasants. These people were experiencing famine and plague, so to be heard they began rioting. In 1381, laborers were demanding higher wages and less manorial obligations; considering the labor supply had been cut in half. To respond, there was a law passed that froze their wages and bound workers to their manors. This caused one of the largest revolts during the Middle Ages. This led to many years of economic struggle and violence. Later when more taxes were reestablished, the peasants started killing tax collectors and

17. King Ferdinand II was elected King of Bohemia in 1618 and he did not respect the people’s religious freedom, especially Protestants. This led to the outbreak of the Thirty Years’ War.

The War of Bavarian Succession first began when Joseph II of Austria attempted to acquire Bavaria to establish a Habsburg Monarchy within the country. As a result, Fredrick II of Prussia declared war on Austria, as a retaliation to Austria’s actions, and in support of the influential

It is difficult to determine when the Thirty Years War really began. Ultimately, a culmination of events led to the tension between the countries of the Ottoman Empire. Prior to the war’s beginning on May 23, 1618, Europe was in a state of religious, political, and imperial turmoil. The Lutherans, Catholics, and Calvinists were all competing for religious dominance. Political leaders tried to advocate for their religions in the elections. There was much controversy regarding the new kings of Bohemia and political stress between the Bourbons and the Hapsburgs. War was

Europe was at this time two centuries into the Renaissance, the protestant reformation had swept throughout Europe, mercantilism was beginning; the people of Europe had opened their eyes and minds to thinking beyond just serving a king. Europeans were developing a since of proto nationalism. They had a growing since of pride and worth for their nation.[2] They were looking to become more prosperous, advancing themselves, they also wanted their nation to prosper, and to that end, they looked to their sovereign. If their sovereign was repressive and tyrannical they would replace him, violently if necessary.

Many important events shaped the eventual fate of Hungary before the invasion by the Soviet Union in 1956. World War II was one of the most influential of those events that took place. During World War II Hungary joined the Axis powers and partook in the fighting against the Soviet Union. In 1944 the Germans took control of Hungary after the Hungarian government tried to exit the war. In the following year Soviet soldiers defeated the German forces and occupied Hungary. Another major contributor that eventually led to the Invasion of Hungary was the Soviet occupation. The Soviets ruled Hungary with an iron fist, taxing them heavily in the way of natural resources. The Soviet Union stationed thousands of soldiers in Hungary to make sure it remained

The crop failure of the early sixteenth century created intense economic and later physical warfare between the German peasantry and that of the princes and nobility. However, it was the oppression and unjust laws created by such authorities later that actually initiated the riots and plundering done by the peasants on the property of the nobles. This aggression, backed originally by Lutheran principles, led to several mixed responses by both Germanic nobles and religious figures. By the end of the German Peasants’ War, the economic conditions of such peasants did moderately change, however, it was the lay rulers and other religious figures that benefited, authoritatively, from the rebellion.

During his reign, Francis I created many rivalry with other kings around Europe but the one that he spent the most time on was with Charles I of Spain. The rivalry was often Francis challenge Charles for the throne that was the Roman Empire. (1) Charles's advisers bribed the German princes who served as electors, however, and in 1519 Charles took office as Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. As both the king of Spain and head of the Holy Roman Empire, Charles was now the most powerful ruler in Europe.(1) (2) Francis initiated the first of five wars with Spain and the Holy Roman Empire (Charles was head of forces for both Spain and the empire). (2) Francis initiated the first of five wars with Spain and the Holy Roman Empire (Charles was head of forces for both Spain and the empire). (2) Francis then led 37,000 of french soldiers men to go against the Spanish army with the same amount of men, although the battle did not end good for both sides as Spain lost a total of 1,000 men while the French lost between 10,000 to 14,000 including Francis himself. The Inquisition crested one of the most exciting rivers between the young kings of France and the

In all age rulers always wanted to be absolute monarchs, not only the kings but also the queens. Their goal was to control every aspect of society. Throughout the 16th and 17th Century the rise of many absolute monarchies become a common phenomenon in many European countries. The power controlling under one people’s hand makes economic development rapid, allows for long-term goals to be planned and met and allows for quicker decisions to be made. Among all the leaders, Peter the Great, Maria Theresa, and Louis XIV can regard as the main representative.

She was an archduchess, and a Holy Roman Empress. Joseph ii was another important leader. He was also a Holy Roman Emperor who tried to strengthen the Habsburg empire with his enlightened reforms but his people opposed his changes very fiercely(biography). Austria had multiple big wars but one of the wars they fought in was the war of the Austrian succession. It began on August 16, 1740. Frederick ii of Prussia invaded Silesia, one of Habsburg’s richest provinces. His armies defeated the Austrians at Mollwitz in April 1441 and overran Silesia. This proved what the other European countries believed, that Silesia could not defend themselves. This ensured that the war would become general. Within a month, France had constructed an alliance with Bavaria and Spain and, later, with Saxony and Prussia against Austria. Maria Theresa derived her main support from Britain fearing that if France took Hegemony in Europe, the British colonial and commercial empire would be unsupportable(britannica). Austria declared independence by concluding the Austrian State Treaty with the Four Occupying Powers.