Bone Disease from Dyshondroplasia to Osteogenesis Imperfecta Can Be Rare but Are Painful

Calcium can also be supplemented with alfalfa, clover, dandelion, broccoli, and some fish, such as cod, salmon, and sardines (Dittmer and Thompson, 2011;Weichselbaum et al., 2013). Either exposure to sunlight or a supplemented vitamin D is also necessary for these metabolic processes to work successfully. Some fish are also good for supplementing vitamin D in the diet. Once calcium levels are back to homeostasis, the body will replenish the bone stores and there will be no lasting effects in an adult. Some animals are more susceptible to vitamin D and calcium deficiency, eg. growing animals, postpartum mammals, captive reptiles, pet rabbits, and

Rickets is a disease that deals with a deficiency with Vitamin D. Vitamin D is important by controlling calcium and phosphate levels. If the blood levels of these minerals become too low, the body may produce hormones that cause calcium and phosphate to be released from the bones eventually this leads to weak and soft bones. (2) Throughout this paper we will go over a variety of characteristics involving the disease of Rickets, these includes things such as: causes of disease, risk factors, significance statistics of Rickets, diagnosis, treatment, disease changes and comorbidity/comortality.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder that involves defective development of the connective tissue. The collagen production found in bones and other tissue is affected by a gene mutation. It is also known as “brittle bone disease.” Osteogenesis Imperfecta is inherited as an autosomal-dominant trait. It is characterized by abnormally brittle and fragile bones that are easily fractured by the least amount of trauma. OI affects both boys and girls the same and one out of 10,000 live births have been confirmed with the disease. There are four types of IO, they are type I, type II, type III and type IV. With type 1 being more common in infancy with a normal life expectancy expected. This paper will discuss the physical signs of OI, how this disease is often mistaken in child abuse cases and the nurses’ role in caring for the child with OI. (Ball, Bindler, & Cowen, 2015)

Calcium plays a large role in the human body. About 99% of the calcium in our body is found in our teeth and bones. Along with other minerals, calcium regulates heart and muscle contractions, bone structure, blood clotting and nerve connections. Because these are vital bodily functions, if the human body is not receiving enough calcium it will take calcium from bones, leaving them weak and brittle. To avoid this, it is essential for everyone to have enough calcium intake, so their body doesn’t resort to robbing calcium from their bones. Humans can get calcium from common foods such as dairy products, broccoli, canned fish, or nuts.

Vitamin D and calcium reduces bone loss at the hip, however, there was not a significant decrease in hip fractures. There was a small increase in bone density but also the risk of kidney stones increased.

Vitamin intake is a commonly overlooked necessity in basic nutritional health. What most people do not know is that certain vitamin deficiencies can cause many health risks and problems. Many people believe that are getting all the vitamins they need from their diet, however most of the time they are not. One of the most common vitamin deficiencies is the low intake of Vitamin D. There are some vitamins that are produced by the body such as vitamin K; however some of the most important vitamins are not produced by the body. Vitamin D is one of the vitamins that our body needs to function correctly that is not naturally produced by the body. Vitamin D can be consumed through

Rickets is a skeletal disorder, usually in children, that causes bones to become softer and weaker due to prolonged Vitamin D deficiency. Not having enough Vitamin D in your diet makes it problematic to get enough calcium and phosphorus levels causing rickets. By increasing the levels of Vitamin D in the human body, the rickets will generally correct itself. However, if this disease is diagnosed from genetics, you will probably have to seek other treatments as well. Some malformations in rickets can require corrective surgery.

Each year in the United States eight to forty children are born with malignant infantile osteopetrosis and one in every two hundred thousand people are affected by the adult form of osteopetrosis. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic skeletal disorder in which there is an abnormal osteoclastic bone resorption resulting in patients who are more prone to fractures. This disorder “may be inherited as either a dominant or recessive trait and is marked by increased bone density, brittle bones, and, in some cases skeletal abnormalities” (NORD 2014). There are three major types of this condition. They are adult type autosomal dominant, malignant infantile type autosomal recessive, and the last is intermediate mild autosomal recessive.

The human body undergoes many processes as it winds down from birth to death. One of these is that the risk of fracture grows as people age. Three-quarters of American postmenopausal women do not have sufficient vitamin D, and half of postmenopausal women suffer from an osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporosis accounts for 300,000 hip fractures annually. Currently a nutrition controversy exists as to whether calcium and vitamin D supplements decreases fractures in postmenopausal women. Calcium is vital for bone growth. Children hear the phrase, “drink your milk” over and over while their bones are developing. However, as bones wear down, will increasing the amount of calcium help prevent fractures? Vitamin D increases the absorption of calcium into

Osteoporosis is a disease affecting the bones and is found mostly in women. This occurs when one’s body either makes too much bone, makes too little bone, or even both resulting in the bones becoming weak and breaking easily. This is causes by the bone having larger holes meaning the bones “have lost density or mass and that the structure of ‘one’s’ bone tissue has become abnormal” (National Osteoporosis Foundation 1984). Detecting the disease is done by performing a bone density test. This diagnoses osteoporosis and help to guess the amount of bone located throughout the body. There is a lot one can do to prevent this disease or even slow down the growth. It is important to eat a balanced diet, participate in exercise regularly, and consume foods that are essential to bone health. An environmental factor that affects the skeletal developments is a disease known as achondroplasia. This is “a rare genetic disorder characterized by an unusually large head (macrocephaly) with a prominent forehead (frontal bossing) and flat (depressed) nasal bridge; short upper arms and legs (rhizomelic dwarfism), unusually prominent abdomen and buttocks; and short hands with fingers that assume a "trident" or three-pronged position during extension (NORD 2015). This is causes randomly and affects both males and females and has quite a few health problems related to this. One gets a lower muscle tone or even water on the brain.

Rickets is a deformation in the limbs in children due to a lack of Vitamin D in their diet. This disease slows down the growth rate and the development of the skeleton. It can also occur in adults, but it is called osteomalacia.

To understand this disease we need to first understand that bone is a living organism that consists of cells and living, growing tissue. Bone is rich with blood and nutrients that are supplied to the rest of our body; in fact red blood cell

Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a disorder that results in fragile bones that break easily. Many tend to think that it can be developed at any given time, but it only develops in children who have had the disease embedded in the family's past, along with defective genes. These genetic abnormalities reduce the amount of type I collagen produced in the body, which causes bones to be brittle, weak and fracture/break easily.

§ Not doing weight bearing activities and cause the bones to become weak and brittle. Also when running outside get vitamin D and helps absorb calcium.

A review of current data on bone health, calcium and Vitamin D and dietary intakes of the Vitamin and mineral emphasized that bone loss, osteoporosis and fracture risk are major concerns to patients and health professionals (Sunyecz 2008). Concerns for the increasing ageing population involve the long-term effects of osteoporosis, which include pain, the loss of independence and institutionalized care. Preventing bone loss and osteoporosis should therefore be a major step. It must start with proper education on a healthy lifestyle, which includes optimal intake of calcium and Vitamin D throughout life. Dietary sources for both abound but most people do not consume adequate amounts. The awareness and risk of the effects of sunlight also limited exposure to it to synthesize the Vitamin