Box Jellyfish Stings Research

Jellyfish stings are a major and increasing problem in Australia and require prompt medical treatment to prevent extensive injury or death (1). There are many methods to the treatment of Box Jellyfish envenomation in Australia; from sea water and ice, to vinegar and urine (1). Therefore, it is vital to remain relevant with current research and literature on the best treatment of this controversial topic, to ensure patients are receiving the best possible care. This paper will include a reflective paper on current literature pertaining to the topic and the practicality of interventions and methods of management in the out-of-hospital setting. Furthermore, utilising this information, a critique of current local clinical practice guidelines (CPG) and Justifications and recommendations for amendments will be made.

The authors emphasize in reduction, replacement and refinement of animal use in experiments, which is referred as “3 Rs” principles. These principles encouraged researchers to work to lessen the number of animals used in experiments to the minimum, limit the pain and replace use of animals with non animal alternatives when possible. It provides awareness to the subject matter of animal testing, raising serious ethical and scientific issues.

Around the world, millions of scientists conduct their studies by testing their research on animals. Many people believe that experimenting on animals is crucial to the advancement of medical discoveries. Studies show however, that animal experimentation is brutal and unnecessary. There are alternatives though: “replacement, reduction, and refinement” (Howard 2).

effected the heartbeat rate of a Daphnia. The results of the experiment were that the

Imagine you are in the middle of your typical day-to-day activities. Maybe you are driving, spending time with family, or working. If you are like most people, your phone is at your side on a daily basis. Little do you know that, at any time, police and law enforcement could be looking at information stored on your phone. You haven’t done anything wrong. You haven’t been asked for permission. You aren’t suspected of any crime.

It’s a beautiful day at the beach, the sun is shining down on you as you float and drift on top of the waves. As you lay there without a care in the world, you are suddenly interrupted by a massive swarm of jellyfish; also known as a bloom. Not only does this send you into sudden terror, it also causes a much bigger threat to the ecosystem below you. The excessive growth of jellyfish swarm drastically lowers the population of fish eggs in the ecosystem. Because of this, fishermen lose millions of dollars. People in local communities are figuring out ways to solve this mass production.

Through the infliction of burns, wounds, and side effects, researchers examine the animal to study the healing process, and the infliction of pain to determine its effects and remedies.

My species is the Ocellaris Clownfish! This is the one that looks like Nemo on Finding Nemo. Its body is an oval shape and has three vertical white stripes outlined with a fine black line. They are saltwater fish and live in an anemone. They live in a core habitat. They have symbiotic relationship with the sea anemone. The anemone gets pesits it doesn't want living on it off of it, and the clown fish gets protection from the tentacles of the anemone. Young clownfish have difficulty finding an anemone to live in. The young clownfish begins at the bottom of the social ladder when it enters an anemone. It is often the victim of aggression by other clownfish. Clownfish are a very social group. They like to live in colonies.There are two types of

As a young person, I don’t really notice how quickly the world changes and advances around me, because I’m changing and growing right along with it. Lillian Boxfish, the elderly title character in the novel Lillian Boxfish Takes A Walk by Kathleen Rooney, does. Her age, a focal point in the novel, allows Lillian to view the world as she remembers it, while at times preventing her from appreciating as it is. On New Year’s Eve in 1985, Lillian decides to ring in the new by remembering the old with a walk around her beloved New York City. As she walks, she thinks of the city as she once knew it and sees the city it has become, reliving memories both good and bad. In particular, Lillian is struck by how easily the city embraces new culture and ideas and forgets the legacy of what came before. Through Lillian’s journey, I learned that while it’s important to appreciate the past, you cannot neglect the present.

The barnacles were tested using a small cup filled with water which has a small rock with barnacles on it. Before the experiment was conducted, the barnacles were fed food. The change in cirri beats over one minute was determined. The average decrease of cirri beats per minute was 12.6. Although the manipulated trial was inconsistent, it is still logical to conclude that the

The top of the Tupperware container was covered with a foil and the crayfish was allowed to sit quietly for 10 minutes. The lab tutor was started and the trace produced was examined. At this point, if no good recording of the heart rate was observed, the electrode connection was adjusted or a new crayfish was obtained. The heart rate was recorded for five – ten minutes, making sure the heart rate was steady. The recording was stopped and the baseline hear rate was recorded. To stress the heart rate, the container was uncovered and the trace on Lab Tutor was started. To make sure that the heart rate is being recorded, the trace was examined. Heart rate was recorded for five to ten minutes to get an annotation for heart rate trace of a stressed

The Pastinachus solocirostris, also known as the Roughnose Stingray, is from the Pastinachus genus of stingrays in the family of Dasyatidae. It is found generally in shallow waters of mangroves off of Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. They grow to 72 centimeters across, and is characterized by their pointed snout. The fin disc of the Roughnose Stingray is wide, diamond-shape, and rounded on the corners. They have about 20 upper teeth and 25 lower teeth, with five papillae on the floor of the mouth. Like other stingrays, they are reproduced in embryos inside the mother, nourished by yolk, and then later with uterine milk from the mother. The Roughnose Stingray are listed as endangered, prone to being victims of bottom longline fisheries, used for its

Honey Bee Sting Pain Index by Body Location is a self-induced experiment by Michael Smith. He was trying to determine how the location of a sting by a honey bee influenced pain. He also was curious which locations would be considered the most and least painful. In order to establish this, Smith used a four-point scale in order to quantify the painfulness by location, along with a reference point. The European honey bee sting was used as the stimulus in this experiment.

The dasyatidae family includes whiptail rays and river stingrays to name a few. There are possibly up to 70 species that could be considered to be in the dasyatidae family. One of the major river stingrays in the family dasyatidae is the giant freshwater stingray also known as the himantura polylepis. There is also the small but still large whiptail stingray that is found in the ocean. Even though these rays are quite large in size for the most part they are very docile creatures who tend to stay out of the way of the other animals that are coexisting in their habitats. Stingrays really only preform acts of violence when they feel under attack or threatened by something else whether it’s a human or just and animal swimming to close to them.

The stingray is a bottom-dwelling marine animal with a slim diamond shaped body and a poisonous stinger on its tail. To get food and energy stingrays have electrical sensors to sense when a pray is near. They also have sharp jaw teeth to crush cams, oysters, and mussels, and they have an under body mouth to make it easier for them to dig up and eat food hidden in the sand. To hid away from predators stingrays have two ways, one way is by their coloration. The stingray's coloration is similar to that of its surroundings so predators usually don't see them. Another tactic they use is using their wings to bury themselves under the sand so predators struggle to find them. Their defence mechanism is the stinger on their tail, in some species of