“A STUDY ON THE EXISTENCE OF ‘GLASS CEILING’ FACED BY FEMALE MANAGERS IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA ” LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Introduction There have been a number of market research surveys that states information on the barriers of women’s career in hotel industry. Three general areas of literature that are identified to be relevant to this study: definition of ‘’glass ceiling’’, the barriers of female managers in advancing to a higher level in their career in hotel industry and
Glass ceiling is defined as an intangible barrier within a hierarchy that prevents women or minorities from obtaining upper-level position (Merriam-Webster online, n.d.). The barriers range from interpersonal and intrapersonal factors such as discrimination against women applicants, stereotype against women, sexual harassment, assumed household responsibilities, and the ‘old boys club’. ‘Old boys club’ is a term for male-only activities such as high-priced
“Although we weren't able to shatter that highest, hardest glass ceiling this time, thanks to you, it's got about 18 million cracks in it”, spoke Hillary Clinton, filling women around the world with the hope and knowledge that the path to greatness will become easier. The glass ceiling is a metaphor, inferring the invisible, informal barriers that keep women from getting promotions, pay raises and further opportunities in life. Seen in the past 2016 election, women were extremely confident that Hillary
positions from an international level, in Europe there are only about 14% of women who hold management positions to which Europe designates a lack of proficiency on the transnational level. This entails problems women face with what is deemed the glass border. In comparison with most parts of Southeast Asia, women are not considered credible to hold management positions they are not deemed strong enough to be employed in local management positions. Yet in other parts of Southeast Asia, which includes
the problems that women face in the corporate world, the pros and cons and barriers of being a woman in leadership and the changes that need to be done involving women and men and how to properly execute and transform leadership. Glass ceiling The glass ceiling is a political term used to describe the unseen, yet unbreakable barrier that keeps women from rising to the upper rungs of the corporate ladder, regardless of their
gender issue that is of critical importance to American society is the lack of women in corporate and technological positions. The reasons why this is important is for diversity in the workplace, representation in the industry, and to break the glass ceiling. Why Women in C-Suit Positions Are Important Since the 1900s, the percentage of women in the workplace has grown substantially. From 21% in 1947 to 61% in 1990, there is no denying that women are here and ready to work (The First Measured Century)
describe this situation has been called the Glass Ceiling, by definition an invisible but real barrier founded on attitudinal or organizational bias in the workforce that prevents minorities and women from advancing to leadership positions. This paper gives an overview of the principal reasons for this behavior based on previous studies, analyzes some approaches to handle them as well as possible actions that allow women and other minorities smash the glass-ceiling effects, and finally, it suggests some
attain senior level positions in corporations, the government, education, and other organizations. These women are in a sense blocked from senior level positions just because of the fact that they are women and not men. This is how the term, the “glass ceiling” came about. Although women have made huge steps in the corporate world and have played key roles in organizations success, the corporate world is still male dominant. This has to do largely in the fact that almost all the men in corporations hold
that a student’s gender has an impact on academic pressure, gender is an important cause of stress, more in women. In the article “37 Causes of High School Stress” by the College Planning Group, they note many causes like grades, friends, bullying, clubs, and parents but fail to mention gender as a cause. However, gender is a significant cause of academic pressure. In the article “Academic Stress Among College Students: Comparison of American and International Students” by Ranjita Misra and Linda G
If there was only one word to describe Club Pandemonium it would be chaotic. It was a huge room filled with people all bathed in a eerie blue light. Everyone seemed to be possessed, dancing as if that was the only thing keeping them alive. The only people not dancing were passed out on sofas or on the floor, almost getting trampled by the dancing people. As Hali and Simon walked on things got crazier and crazier. Hali could've sworn that she saw a person with fangs talking to another person with