Bpa Is A Known Endocrine Disruptive Chemical ( Edc ) With Adverse Developmental Effects

Exposure to BPA which is found in food can linings and even receipts, pose a risk for infertility and birth defects.

Research has found brominated flame retardants building up in the body and breast milk, and animal and some human studies have connected them to neurological problems, reduced fertility, changes in thyroid hormones and puberty at an earlier age. When bromine replaces iodine during pregnancy, expectant mothers may be at an increased risk for delivering preterm babies.These babies could also end up with neurological problems due to the bromine and the premature birth. Children exposed to bromine in brominated vegetable oil could also experience developmental

is a difficult chemical to escape -- it's in so many plastic products from water bottles and sippy cups to contact lenses and toys. Controversial studies linking BPA to health risks, particularly reproductive risks, prompted companies to go the "BPA-free" route. But new research from the University of California - Los Angeles (UCLA) Health Sciences says not so fast: BPS (Bisphenol S), a replacement for BPA that technically makes products BPA-free, is probably not safe either.

Whyatt, R. M., Rundle, A. G., Perzanowski, M. S., Just, A. C., Donohue, K. M., Calafat, A. M.. . Miller, R. L. (2014). Prenatal phthalate and early childhood bisphenol A exposures increase asthma risk in inner-city children. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 134(5), 1195-1197

Any organs or structures that are developing at the time of exposure is most likely to be harmed. Unfortunately, during this time, it is common that women may not realize that they are pregnant and some may be in contact with teratogens. In turn, this can cause major structural birth defects such as neural tube defects and missing or deformed limbs. While the time period is a critical factor in determining whether a teratogen will cause harm to an embryo, the amount of the teratogen and genetics also determine whether or not defects will

How does Phthalates affect the body? The largest threat/problem that Phthalates cause on the human body is through the Endocrine system (Endocrine Studies, n.d.). The Endocrine system is the collection of glands, which produce hormones that regulate, metabolism, growth, development, tissue, sleep, and mood among other things (Zimmermann, K 2014). Phthalates does this by interfering with the production of hormones in the body (Endocrine Studies, n.d.). The term given to a substance that does

Pregnant mice on gestation day (GD) 01 - 04 exposed to 200 mg/kg of BPA showed fewer implantation sites and mice exposed to 300 mg/kg of BPA eliminated the pregnancy. However, a strain of mice which is more susceptible to stress and implantation failure showed similar effects to the exposure to 100 mg/kg of BPA.

A critical area of concern for gynecologists, obstetricians, and other reproductive health officials is how to reduce the exposure to toxic environmental agents to both the mother and developing fetus. Exposure to these chemicals is ubiquitious and the long lasting effects on the reproductive health throughout an individuals life span, which is evident when exposure occurs prior to conception and during fetal gestation. Patient exposure to manufacture and use of industrial chemicals is a critical concern, since there is constant introduction of new chemicals each year and more than 84,000 chemical substances are current listed by the Environmental Protection Agency. Unlike pharmaceuticals, environmental chemicals do

BPA is a synthetic organic compound which is also known as Bisphenol A and can be found in many items that we use everyday (Withcott & Laposata, 2012). Some of items that the compound can be found in consists of the lining of metal food cans, drink cans and the pipes that supply our water. Also, it is used in plastic water bottles, baby bottles, food containers, our food utensils and electronics. This same compound can move into our food, air and body just by using these products. Research has found that it is detected in an individual's urine and that we are exposed to BPA continuously.

People that work with plastic bottling plants and people who use plastics that are not BPA free have a chance to be harmed permanently. Being exposed to large amount of BPA can permanently harm

Studies in children who were prenatally exposed to high levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS) have indicated a link between these contaminants and neurodevelopmental effects. These included lower intelligence, behavioral issues such as impulsive behavior, inattention, as well as learning and memory problems.

Five years ago, the FDA banned the sale of baby bottles containing BPA, a chemical that mimics estrogen. Since then, bottles, food containers and products labeled BPA-free have been popping up all-over store shelves. Now research reveals, the compound, which replaced BPA could actually be just as harmful.

Endocrine Disruptors are chemicals that mimic the hormones or blocks cellular responses in the body. They are known to be present in plastic bottles, food additives, and pesticides (Young, 2010). Some examples of endocrine disruptors are BP-A (Smith, 2008). These chemicals at certain dose, can interfere with the endocrine (or hormone) system in mammals. These disruptions can cause cancerous tumors, birth defects, and other developmental disorders. This paper will describe the different forms of endocrine disruptors in the environment

Human Health and the Environment PCBs cause a range of problems with people. They can be carcinogenic and cause cancer. They also suppress the immune system. "Studies in animals and humans suggest that long term exposure to PCBs can suppress the immune system."("Wisconsin department of health services")

The impact on neurodevelopment that in utero environmental smoke exposure has is considerably less understood than the effects of tobacco smoke exposure, therefore, the impact that prolonged coal smoke exposure had on fetuses during the Hazelwood coalmine fire is not well known. While, it is often desirable to expose animal models to environmentally relevant doses of various pollutants providing an accurate risk assessment, high doses are often required to determine the effects of exceptionally high doses (14), such as in this case, following the Hazelwood coalmine fire. From the results of this study, it is evident that exposure to coal smoke particles, during gestation, does have an effect on brain development, in that neuronal and microglial cell numbers are lowered, but microglial activation is enhanced. These findings coincide with various animal studies conducted on PAH exposure directly and may be correlated to findings from analyses on children following environmental PAH exposure in various countries. Conversely, these results digress in that the effects observed here were only in the cortex, not the hippocampus as found by other studies. These findings, however, may be related to behavioural and cognitive defects that are observed later in life following prenatal PAH exposure.