Breast Cancer Essay

Breast cancer is an uncontrollable division of cells within the breast tissue that affects about 12% of women in their lifetime. Cancer can be caused by sporadic mutations influenced by environment or by genetic disposition. Several genes play a role in cell division: Oncogenes are responsible for directing mitosis, and tumor suppression genes prevent the expression of genes involved in cell division. Mutations that occur in either gene can lead to carcinogenic tumor growth and immortal cell lines.

Thursday is a Jupiter day, Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet in the Solar System, Thursday's are also known as "Thor's day" the Norse god of thunder. He was the God of the Peasants or the poor people, Thor is represented riding a chariot drawn by goats and wielding the hammer, Thor hurled thunderbolts when enraged. He also wore a magic belt which increased his strength the more he pulled it in. Jupiter is depicted as the chief god of sky and thunder who maintained his power with his thunderbolt. Thor was protector for gods and humans. Jupiter is usually thought to have originated as a sky god. Jupiter was not only the great protecting deity of the race but also one whose worship embodied a distinct moral conception.

There are two important type of genes responsible for the development or cancer namely tumor suppressor because their normal function is

This type of breast cancer begins in the milk ducts of the breast. At first, there are normal cells, but then a mutation occurs. Some kind of carcinogen damages and changes a couple of genes. The mutated genes associated with breast cancer are Genes BrCA1 and BrCA2. The

An example of this are the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. This genes are relate to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Based on the results from a 2007 study, BRCA1 is more than dangerous that BRCA2 because more patients were diagnose and more patients died. The risk of a women dying of cancer if she carries a mutated BRCA 1 gene is very high. There's an 18% chance that a women carrying this gene will die if diagnosed with cancer. Based on the chart 16 out 89 patients died.

The process of unraveling the mysteries of the human genome creates enormous possibilities in the world of science. Knowing where on our chromosomes a specific gene lies allows scientists to look inside the human body with more intensity than any X-ray could ever achieve. By analyzing the genetic make-up of human beings, scientists can track diseases back to their most fundamental stages. In recent years, scientists have discovered two genes that play a role in the development of various kinds of cancer in both men and women. With the additional ability to test individuals for their possession of deformed copies of these genes, many ethical questions have been raised. Although the

Breast Cancer affects one in eight of American women, and is the second most common cause of cancer death in America. I chose to write my term paper on breast cancer because it is a disease that has effected some members of my family. Due to this possibly inherited condition, I felt that researching the topic would help me learn ways to prevent the disease and educate myself to perform self-exams that may result in early detection.

In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, many factors can be claimed as responsible for the tragic downfall of the main character. This play is characterized by its themes of ambition, conscience, and retribution, which prove themselves central to the resolution of the play. While Lady Macbeth and Macbeth himself play a large part in Macbeth’s downfall, the characters ultimately responsible for the downfall of Macbeth are the Weird Sisters. Without their contribution, Macbeth’s hunger for power would not have manifested itself in the same manner and his confidence would not have supported his irrational actions, which would have saved the life of many.

Breast Cancer is a type of cancer where in the breast cells growth are uncontrolled. To enhance our understanding of breast cancer, knowing how any cancer can develop is crucial. Cancer develops as a result of the alteration of the genes, or abnormal changes in the genes accountable for managing the growth of the cells and maintaining their health. In each nucleus, the genes operates as the “control room.” The cells in our bodies replace themselves through a process called cell growth in which the

In the United States, starting from the first breast cancer case in 1930s to today, a woman's lifetime risk of breast cancer increases to one eighth (Gray et al.). Continuously increasing breast cancer rate has caused a lot of concerns among not only ordinary people but also scientists. For decades, scientists have been working on the causes of breast cancer in order to find the corresponding methods of treatment. However, only about 25% of the breast cancer cases got explained (Brody et al.); till today, heredity, lifetime exposure to environmental estrogen (the female sex hormone), and the dietary fat are the only major known causes (“Cover Story: Breast Cancer and Environment”). For the 75% unexplained breast cancers cases,

DNA makeup our gene in each cell which control our functions. Gene which increases cell division are called oncogene,others which slow down cell division, or cell die at right time are called tumor suppressor gene.Certain changes or mutation in DNA turn on oncogene or turn off tumor suppressor gene to cause normal breast cell to become cancerous.the stem cell mutation are the actual root of cancer which causes cancer again and again we use different strategies to diagnose the presence of these kind of mutation including different scans including CT scan,ultrasonography,FED.

Breast cancer constitutes the second most prevalent cancer most common among women of the world with an estimated 1.62 million reported cases in 2012 which constitutes 25% of all cancer cases and ranks fifth among mortality due to cancer (Ferlay et al., 2015). In the United States, according to American Cancer Society an

According to the American Cancer Society, Each year, more than 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer; furthermore Twelve percent of all women will contract the disease, and 3.5% of them will die from breast cancer (American Cancer Society, 2005). There are risk factors that may lead to breast cancer. There are 4 stages of breast cancer and several treatments, although treatments vary from types and stages of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women who are 40 to 55 years old (Breast Cancer, 2009).Cancer occurs when cells divide uncontrollably. It changes from a normal cell to cancerous cells that require gene alterations. Therefore the altered genes and the uncontrolled growth may lead to tumors.

One gene that cause an increased risk for cancer is the p53 gene. This gene functions by controlling the cell cycle. It causes and increased risk for cancer by being mutated to many times and is usually the cause of over 50% of all human cancers. Another cell that causes an increased risk for cancer is the BRCA1 gene. This gene functions to stop tumor formations and growths. If the gene has a mutation then a tumor will begin. This is one of the genes that will cause breast cancer. The two types of tumors are benign and malignant. Benign tumors remain at the original site of formation and can be removed by surgery or radiation. Malignant tumors send out a signal to start a blood vessel line at the tumor to spread the cancerous cells around the

The second issue presented is ‘biological’. This is based on the premise that there are ‘strong’ mutations and ‘weak’ mutations associated with differing degrees of risks and maybe different cancers. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation may not test positive the initial genetic screening due to level of significance.2 Also, in 1995, Ponder strongly suspected that breast cancer may have 4 or more genetic indicators in addition to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.12 In other words, If BRAC1 and 2 test did not test positive, then another defective gene may be responsible for breast cancer for the development of cancer2. Further investigation reported by the Journal of Nature Genetics in Figure 1, concluded that “familial breast cancer (left) constitutes only 5-10% of total breast cancer (right). The genes known to be involved in familial breast cancer (BRCA1 and BRCA2) account for only 20% of familial