Brief History Of Terrorism In The 19th Century

Modern terrorism, as deduced from this literature, is acts to violence strategically used by secular groups spanning international borders with the aim of achieving a desired outcome. Further, it can be seen as organized activity whose genesis can be traced back to the 1880’s. From then to now there are identifiable traits and patterns observed from different (terrorist) groups which have allowed for the conceptualization of the term modern terrorism. This concept therefore, can be best explained in the context of being a wave or having a life cycle. That means it is a cycle of activity demarked by phases from inception and expands along the way then eventually it declines. The world, thus far, has experienced four waves of modern

Q1. Terrorism is an act done by an individual or a group, using violence or the threat of violence to frighten people, in order to achieve a political, social or religious goal. The word “terrorism” comes from the French word terrorisme, meaning “to frighten.” Terrorism was originally referred specifically to state terrorism, which the French Government practised during the years 1793 – 1794 in the “reign of terror.” The roots and practices of terrorism can be traced back to 1st century AD in Judea where there was an assassination of Roman rulers. Terrorist ideology and aims vary from each individual and/or group. There has been over 2000 cases of terrorism driven by religious purposes. Religious terrorism is carried out due to motivations and goals in relations to religions or religious figures. An example of this are extremist groups such as Al Qaeda who justify their attacks by believing that these are commands given to them by the Koran. Political terrorists carry out violent acts to make a point with government leaders. An example of this is the assassination of Abraham Lincoln on April 15, 1865. Moral beliefs is another aim of terrorism. Moral issues such as anti-abortions have led to attacks, including abortion clinics and their staff in the late 1980’s.

Throught the years terrorism have drastically changed our point of view of the world. In the 20th century terrorist did not have that much of technology to work with including aviation. Now a days they have more methods and forms to attack countries and states. A brief definition of terrorism is a use of violence acts to scare people in an area as a way to achieve political goals. Terrorism is the cause of many wars throughout history continues to this day leading to nations; such as Iraq and the United States fighting to rid the world of this evil.

During the years there were multiple types of terrorism attacks that were done for different reasons. What I mean is that terrorism started to achieve its own identity. Nationalist movements which are known as, “Efforts on the part of a group or a nation to obtain political independence and autonomy.”(Mcentire, 2008) These types of attacks started to flourish in the Middle East, and other places such as India and Ireland. (Mcentire, 2008) Anarchists are known to be those who, “oppose specific government or all governments. “(Mcentire,

They elucidate that terrorism is a “premeditated, politically motivated, violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups of clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience,” (National Institute of Justice).

The word “terrorism” was first used during the French Revolution when British statesman Edmond Burke used the term to describe the actions of the Jacobin-dominated French government. Under the leadership of Maximilien Robespierre, thousands of people that were said to be enemies of the state were put on trial and then executed by use of the guillotine (O 'Connor, 2006). However, since the inception of the word, it has taken on a new meaning. One can now hear the word “terrorism” and be overcome by anger or even fear. Terrorism now seems to have turned to attacks against a government rather

We all wonder where does terrorism comes from? Well for starts it comes from the French Revolutionary war when people went against the government during this war many innocent people died. History has also had some terrorist actions for instance during world war one and two, the Holocaust is one when more than 800,000 jews were killed for no reason killing innocent lives. Alos the Vietnam war was an act of terrorism when the United States was trying to stop communism to spread, but this lead to the cold war.

Terrorism has been a part of the history in the world for centuries. Although the definition of terrorism has developed throughout time, many threats and events are described as terrorism. There have been several waves of terrorism, according to David Rapoport (Weinberg, Eubank 2014). These waves showed different goals and outcomes of the terrorist groups during a certain time period. The earliest forms of terrorism were considered assassinations in attempts to change political power. During the eleventh century, the Sicaril and Hashshashin were terrorist of that time because of their attempts at assassinations and kidnappings.

With the analysis of the September 11 attacks as the instigator for fighting al-Qaeda, there is however, an even more crucial time period that shaped most of Europe: The French Revolution. With the ideas of terrorism stated previously, it simply made sense to add this specific topic to the discussion. Reason being for the French Revolution to be part of this list of ‘terror’ acquisitions, is due to the aspect of power imbalance. The people of poverty were going to stay poor for the rest of their lives, while, the noble class was going to stay in a position of power with the bloodline descent. This idea of separation amongst classes set off a chain of events that overthrew the government and leading citizens to execute the French nobility. All due to the separation of class.

The English term of terrorism originally came from the term regime de la terreur which was coined by philosopher Edmund Burke during the French Revolution and the Jacobean Reign of

Terrorism is often associated nowadays with radical extremist groups, who use terror as their only method of power to attain their goals from others. The first time “terror” was actually used however was during the French revolution. The reign of terror was seen in the aftermath of the execution of the King. It was a product of the mentality of the revolution. With everyday that passed, the uncertainty amongst the people grew, and actions became more and more drastic. With the King no longer in the picture, the Jacobins and the Girondins were more enemies to one another than ever before. During the French Revolution, it can be debated whether or not the terror that was used can be seen as a sign of power or as a sign of weakness. Whether

Acts of terrorism are typically political oriented and ideologically motivated, ranging from specific goals expressed in terms of the might of political nation-states to more general purposes connected to the dilemma of certain people and groups. Therefore, terrorism can result from demands made by ethnic groups to receive representation in an existing political community or have its own state be formed, while terrorism can also be part of ideological fights for the acknowledgment of diminished expressions of ideas and ways of life. Because of the essentially political ideological objectives of terrorism, the fundamental ideas of terrorism are important to consider as the inspiring forces that fuel terrorist groups and individuals.

Terrorism is the systematic use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of the political aims. The events that have occurred in the 1700's turned the patriots into a party of rebels that began sending alarming threats to the colonists and the King.

Terrorism is aswell associated with the Aboriginal and the Second Apple War. This is characterized by the assorted injustices agitated out in Europe. The Holocaust was one of the actual contest that adumbrated the acme of terrorism. Close to 800000 Jews were massacred by the Nazi beneath the administering of the German, Adolf Hitler, because of the abrogating animosity delved appear the Treaty of Versailles, which accused Germany as the agitator of the war. The Vietnam War aswell characterized terrorism. At first, the Vietnamese approved ability from their French colonialists but led to added analysis a part of the locals on political agreement appropriately arch to the Cold War. The war was an arrant admeasurement by the United States to ascendancy communism. However, in accomplishing so, the country accomplished massive agitated attacks that led to the deaths of innocent civilians, which aswell afflicted adjoining nations (Coaty, 240).

The history of terrorism can be traced back as far as the French revolution. Some of these acts of terrorism only seem as distant reminders of our past, but at the same time, are not a far cry from today’s brutal acts; and although these acts seem distant, it doesn’t also mean they are no longer in the thoughts of individuals in today’s time.