Task 1:
a) Explain how different economic systems attempt to allocate scarce resources. Outline the economic system of the UK.
The allocation of resources is an economic theory concerned with the discovery of how nations, companies or individuals distribute economic resources or inputs in the economic marketplace. Traditional business inputs are land, labour and capital.
There are three major systems that can be distinguished in many parts of the world economy within these basic models there will be a range of variations and differences.
Planned (Command) Economy
An economy where supply and price are regulated by the government rather than market forces. Government planners decide which goods and services are produced and how they are
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• Democracy and Freedom
Disadvantages
• Wasting resources through duplication of goods and services
• Inflation and unemployment are more likely
• Aggressive competition strategy can result in powerful producers wiping out local competition and local jobs. They are then able to exploit the market.
• Firms control prices and therefore resources are not used in the most efficient way
• Possibility of large inequalities amongst consumers resulting in certain goods and services only available to those who can pay
• Profit maximisation might be achieved through lack of concern for society and the global environment
Mixed Economy
A Mixed economy employs features of both government/planned economy and a free market enterprise, where some important production is undertaken by the state, directly or through its nationalised industries and some is left for private enterprise. It is a type of economy in which private and public sectors co-exist and try to retain the advantages of capitalism and socialism while trying to eliminate the downsides of both the systems. The allocation of resources is created through the self-interest, competition and supply and demand of individuals and companies in the economic marketplace. Individuals and companies distribute resources through self-regulation by using only the inputs they need and selling or giving away their leftover
The only difference between this type of economy and a market economy is that the government has a say in the way they do things. The government regulates trade, ensure safety of consumers, and protects the environment. Just like in a market economy supply and demand determines what businesses make and how much they charge for it. Most economy today or mixed or blended. The United States of America is one of those many mixed economies. We are mixed with market and command because the people deserve a say in what affects their everyday living and the government deserves a say in what the people can and can't do because it protects all citizens within this
An economy could be considered the blood of a nation’s body; as everything flows smoothly, the body performs its functions properly. Two major types of economy in the world today are capitalist market economies and socialist command economies. Under a market economy, the people are granted the rights to free enterprise and build the economy through private business; they can create and trade products and services as they wish. Within a command economy, the government controls the land and capital and makes all the decisions involving economic issues. Both of these economies share some goals, but are also quite different in how each functions and each possess their own share of advantages and disadvantages.
In a mixed economy there is still a limited role of the government, but the government does have more of a role than a capitalistic economy. In a mixed economy there are both private and government/state owned entities that coexist
Market economy is an economy system the individuals are owned and controlled most of the resources and are allocated through voluntary market transactions governed by the interaction of supply and demand. The presence of market economy will make a gap or disparity in society. It is happened because people are free to play in the market. In addition, there is no interference from the government and it will lead to the exploitation. It has lead to the market economy become not an option for a country to stay competitive. Competition in the marketplace provides the best possible product to the customer at the best price. When a new product is invented, it usually starts out at a high price, once it is in the market for a period of time, and other companies begin to copy it, the price goes down as new, similar products emerge.
b. The possible reason of the externality being a cause of this could be the fact that if other people follow suit there will be an oversupply of the same kind of a service which may further lead to the market failure
Then there is the Traditional economy, which they do things the way they have always been done. Another one is the Command
Rules that govern the allocation of resources and how they are used are found in:
The government does not necessarily need to intervene how the marker goes. Therefore, the competition is a significant factor of the free marker economy.Active but limited government is another main part of the free market economy. This means that the government undertakes a significant, active role in the market, but at the same time the government’s role is ver limited because all the investments and decisions in the economy are controlled by the market than by the government. An invisible hand will control the market. Limited government is a type of government in which there is a minimum intervention in personal properties. Overall, the government tries to keep the economy in a law and let it free by limiting itself. Hence, the limited government is an essential factor of the free market economy.Last, self-interest is a significant part of the free market economy. Self-interest refers to one’s desire to buy something. The market will be generally controlled by people’s interest; the companies will compete with one another to fit the best taste. This is because the people’s interest will be the main trend in the market and it will control what should be made in the market. Consequently, the market will be self-regulated according to the theory of a free market. Therefore, the self-interest is another significant factor of the free market economy.Therefore, the competition, the
The economy system was the way they produced and exchanged goods. There are four types of economies, them being the Traditional economy also known as a “barter”, Command economy also called a planned economy, Market economy which is also called a demand economy or capitalism, and a Mixed economy. The economic activities being in levels are Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary activities. The more developed the country the greater number and activities. There are also natural resources such as renewable, non-renewable, and inexhaustible energy sources. Those play a major part in the world trade, the value of natural resource depends on the quality that makes it useful. The economic support systems infrastructure consist of the basic support systems needed to keep the economy going. The infrastructure must be sophisticated to be a more developed country. Measuring the economic development is in per capita income, and is measured by gross natural product or by the second statistic gross domestic product. Countries around the world have different levels of economic development. Developing nations countries lack industrial base and struggle, as developed nations countries are with a high per capita income and varied
The goal of the government and the citizens of the United States should be to incorporate a mixed economy market. Private industries supply most goods and services, and most of the economic productivity supports personal demands. Many American believe that the economy should be based solely on supply and demand. Prices and needs should dictate the market, production and opportunities. However, there are restrictions to the free market system. The government is accountable for education, infrastructure, management of the legal system, national defense, and other programs that are imperative to maintaining the United States. Citizens can help to influence the economy through consumer choices and election decisions. Therefore, both the free market
Economic systems are organized way in which a state or nation allocates its resources and apportions goods and services in the national community. An economic system is slackly defined as country’s plan for its services, goods produced, and the exact way in which its economic plan is carried out. There are three types of economic systems exist, they are command economy, market economy, and mixed economy. Command economy is also sometimes called planned economy. The expectations of this type of economy is that all major decisions that related to the construction or production, distribution, commodity and service prices are all made by the government. However, in market economy, national and state governments play a
A government's involvement helps keep businesses whether big or small from drying out, which helps regulate the economy. A mixed economy allows the individual and the government to make economic decisions for society, and both solve the problem of scarcity. The government has power in the economy, therefore, the economy meets the requirements of both government and its individuals. Compared to a mixed economy a Market economy is an economy which private citizens operate and own businesses and factories which market price is molded by supply and demand. In a market economy, the government has little to no control of the economy. People are concerned about gargantuan corporations running their economy making a mixed economy better as it provides assurance to our people's welfare during economic downturns. The mixed economic system where the government has a defined role is preferable for our nation's
There are three main economies in the world today, market economies, traditional economies, and command economies. Comparing these three economies shows the major differences between them. Each one has its own advantages and disadvantages. They all have different ideas about who controls and owns all resources. They all have very good ideas and maybe some areas that need
With mixed economy there is always a variation to the degree of government intervention in different countries. In England, where the mixed economy is utilized, there is a strong presence of both the private and public sector. For instance, the grocery sector is controlled by the market; However resources are allocated in the health sector by the government (Higson, 2011). Although there is a distinct private sector, the system allows the government to exert control over the operations of businesses in the private sector to achieve economic balance and stability (Barras,
What gave me the deep impressions at first is the three system of economy model proposed by Pearce (2003). The diagram is totally new to me but it is not that hard to understand. The diagram divides the economy into three systems and each of which can be seen to be based on deferent principles and values. Each system is about a different way of managing the economy. The first system can be referred to as the private sector, it is profit driven and their principle is to maximize returns for private shareholders. The first system operates through the free marketplace, meeting needs through the production of goods and the provision of services by companies. The second system can be conventionally referred to as the public sector. It is