CA History Study Guide

Nancy Morgan Hart (c. 1735–1830) was a rebel of the Revolutionary War noted for her exploits against Loyalists in the northeast Georgia backcountry. She is characterized as a tough, resourceful frontier woman who repeatedly outsmarted Tory soldiers and also killed some outright as she held them out at gunpoint.

1) Reconstruction: A plan to reconstruct the society after the Civil War. This divided the south (except Tennessee) into 5 military districts under the control of the U.S. Army. It was the attempt to reconstruct the south, readmit the southern states back into the Union, and change the life of African Americans. (pg. 414)

The seizure of Alcatraz is considered to the one most impactful moments in the American Indians rights movement, only second to the Battle of Little Bighorn. The “Alcatraz Proclamation,” was written in November of 1969 as a result of poor living standards facing Americans throughout the west coast. The Indians of All Tribes used the proclamation to inform all American Indian tribes throughout North America their intent to move to Alcatraz Island. The letter

Secession is when a territory or state withdrawals from a larger territory. It is significant in this chapter because

• The battles of Lexington and Concord called people together. On May 10, 1775, the 2nd Continental Congress with 13 colonies gathered to draft new appeals for the British people and help build an army/navy for them.

The California Gold Rush of 1849 was a major point in history that involved the colonization of the far west, the hunt for gold, and many issues to go along with it. During a period where nothing was really advancing or happening, many people began to look for a new job or a new way to make some form of money. In times like that, there are little to no jobs available. Some people managed to fine gold in the west, and a lot of it, specifically located in California. As people began telling others about it, the information eventually spread throughout the continent. Eventually, thousands of people were migrating out west in search of gold to get rich on.

Nanye-hi, or Nancy Ward as she was most common known, was a Cherokee Indian. She was a very determined and respected women. She was born into a powerful family in the Wolf clan, who lived in the hills of what today is Eastern Tennessee. Growing up Nancy Ward was greatly affected by the constant conflict with European settlers and with enemy tribes. This violent impact influenced the strong-willed Nancy Ward to become a significant mediator between the native tribes and European settlers. This impact also let the the change in customs of the Cherokee people.

It was originally supposed to be just New Orleans but Livingston came back with a proposal for the whole of Louisiana.

The occupation of Alcatraz Island played a large role in establishing new methods in the Native Americans fight for recognition and change. As the growing identity was being formed in the indigenous society in the United States an event helped to fuel the Alcatraz occupation. On October 9th, of 1969 the American Indian Center in San Francisco burned down, which became a

Despite the close monitoring of the activities on the island by FBI reporters (Fixico 138), the government remained very patient and Nixon’s advisers even used the event to plead for a development and change in Native American policies. The reason for the patient and skillful decisions were mainly the fear of a bloodshed, which would have turned the occupation in a catastrophe. Furthermore, Nixon was aware of the American Indian problems, especially in the cities, and his advisers pressurized him to develop the policy and start negotiations. In 1970, Nixon pleaded in his “Indian Message” for self-determination instead of termination (Kotlowski 209), which justifies his peaceful reaction towards the Alcatraz occupiers because he was willing to change the course of Indian policy. The events of Wounded Knee, two years after Alcatraz and directly after the “Trail of Broken Treaties” and the occupation of the BIA building in Washington, D.C. (1972), were in contrast more tense and dangerous. Still in the beginning, the occupation was more radical and the different participants (AIM, GOONS, FBI and BIA) were all armed. The government ordered

Research on Elias Boudinot, the translator of the rare book Cherokee Hymns that is on exhibit at the UGA special collections library, resulted in this biography produced by the Georgia Writers Hall of Fame. This web page is an unbiased, fact based publication that presents a timeline of Boudinot's life. This compilation of all of Boudinot's accomplishments in the the world of literature is categorized by historical significance. The most significant being his sole creation of the newspaper “Cherokee Phoenix”, the first bilingual text in the New World, and concluding with his signing of the Treaty of New Echota and his work to prove

Condorcet thinks what the Europeans did in the past was “bloodthirsty” and “treacherous”. He says that they need to change and that the human race altogether needs to progress. He goes on to talk about Europeans and how they “will not soon produce the independence of the new world” (Condorcet,163). Here he says that even though Europeans are slowly progressing within the colonies they still have no ambition to set free the inhabitants of the new world. Later in his writing he says “If one runs through the history of our undertakings and establishments in Africa and Asia, you will see our commercial monopolies, our treacheries, our bloodthirsty contempt for people of a different color

The discovery of the California Gold Rush took place by chance. Mainly the amount of the world’s gold is deep underground and embedded in hard rock. Unlike anywhere else in the world at that time the gold in California was simple to dig up, free for the taking and required little tools to acquire any gold. Only things required: a pick or shovel and a pan to shift out the gold from the rock, sand and debris. The Gold Rush affected not only California, but the outcome of the nation. Creating the expansion of our nation into Western America and California. Hundreds of thousand Americans and foreigners moved toward the Sierra Nevada’s, with the hopes of sticking it rich. Which impacted the social life and the economy, while effected the rest of the country. Producing a number of diverse people seeking to make a fortune, influenced California and the American life.

Theodora Kroebers’ work is highly appreciated in the modern society. After reading the story Ishi in Two Worlds, I can confirm that the Ishi has a strong relation to how California history has been up to the state we are in currently. Just to touch on a brief history about Ishi, He was known as the last wild Indian in Central California. It’s said that he happened to be the last Indian Yahi tribe savior. Ishi has been found in slaughter house coral on August 29th of 1911. It is then that the sheriff of that county came after they were given a call and took him into custody. He was taken and locked in the Oroville county jail. During his confinement, he became so hungry but still scared of the White Americans gawking at him. From the biography, we get to understand that Ishi had much to tell about the history that was lost from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s. If it were not for Ishi’s personal accounts, we would not have known about the Yahi way of life before and during the settlement of foreigners and White Americans.

2. From a range of Native American perspectives that we have studied in these last four weeks of class, how did Indians respond to the government’s agenda to solve “the Indian Problem”? Where did they cooperate—and why—and where did they resist—and why?