Cancerous Cells: A Case Study

Long times ago, even during the 19th century, scientist all over the world had started to find the cure for cancer, one of the most feared disease you can ever imagine, simply because you don’t know what the cause and how to turn it off. Cancer started

The next experiment that must be performed is to determine the cause of the naked mole-rats' hypersensitivity. A study searched for the signal that leads to early contact inhibition and determined it to be hyaluronan. Hyaluronan is a key part of the extracellular matrix and has a high molecular mass in naked mole-rats. The hyaluronan in naked mole-rats represses signaling for mitosis as well as having anti-inflammatory properties(Tian et al., 2013). An alternative explanation for the naked mole-rats' cancer resistance could be its ability to use telomerase to regulate chromosomal length. Compared to the use of senescence in humans, telomerase makes cells immortal in culture by preventing cells from becoming too short leading to cancerous cells or apoptosis. Another possible alternative explanation is the number of copies of p53 that the naked mole-rat has. In a study in which the cancer resistance of large mammals was compared to their DNA damage response, the results showed that elephants have at least 20 copies of p53 compared to humans 1 copy. This is believed to be the cause of elephants' high cancer resistivity(Abegglen et al., 2015). These copies allow elephants to have a backup tumor suppressor in case of damage to another

are able to fix the mistakes in the DNA that could potentially cause cancer. Unfortunately,

into cancer. The doctors have no way of determining which altered gene will cause cancer or do

Dr. Charles E. Crutchfield III, a clinical professor of dermatology at the University of Minnesota Medical School, and medical director of Crutchfield Dermatology states that there are three main types of skin cancer, the most common of which is basal cell carcinoma the second most common skin cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, and the final and and the most dangerous form of skin cancer is melanoma. According to the American Academy of Dermatology every year in the United States over two million people are diagnosed with some form of skin cancer.

On which can help the patient who has this cancer be able to live for a more longer time than back then where you aren’t able to stop the cancer cells to affect the rest of your body. Some test perform to help with the research to help scientist and also doctors to help detect and be able to stop the source it’s by looking at ultrasounds. As well as not only that but also CT Scanning, MRI, and even ERCP. Thanks to this technology doctors are able to treat these cancer by doing series of surgeries to extract tumors created and remove the organs or parts where it's most affected by the cancer. Another possible cure for this cancer is chemotherapy which is basically usage of certain chemicals and even specific

The P53 prevents cancer formation by acting as a tumour suppressor gene. Also known as the TP53. It plays important roles in multicellular organisms by stopping genome mutations. The name p53 was established in 1979 describing the molar mass indicating that it is a 53kDa protein. It was first discovered in 1979 and was thought to be an oncogene (a gene capable of transforming regular cells into tumour cells). However in 1989 further research by Bert Vogelstein from John Hopkins School of medicine discovered that it was actually a tumour suppressor gene. The p53 protein consists of 393 amino acids. This protein can activate other proteins that have the ability to fix

Functional studies have demonstrated that combination of primary BRAF or NRAS driver genes together with additional genetic alterations such as deletion of CDKN2A or PTEN and inactivation of tumor protein p53 (TP53) tumor suppressor gene as a necessary event to bypass OIS79–82. High frequency BRAF mutation in concert with loss of function in tumor suppressors (PTEN, p53) and cell-cycle control genes (CDKN2A) has also been observed in ~40% human melanoma and most melanoma cell lines further highlighting the importance of co-operating pathways to fully form

Proteins are a very important part of the human body. Each of these proteins has a specific job in our body. One decides the color of hair, one decides the color of eyes, or one may keep the human body from diseases by making it immune. When some of these proteins are affected they will work in an inverse way causing harm to the human body. TP53 is an example of a protein that works in an uncontrolled way, possibly from the exposure of uranium and other materials, causing diseases such as cancer. In this paper, the radioactivity and the high chemical toxicity of uranium will be discussed. Also, when DNA and RNA become damaged, it then causes other proteins to

The cancer cells in a tumor are not all the exact same type of cancer cell. Tumors are a mix of different but similar mutated cells they won't all react the same way. Cancer cells have varying levels of sensitivity towards cancer drugs and treatments. (Fangirls crying when their favorite character dies vs the fangirl who writes the author and stalks his house at night plotting vengeance). Cancer cells mutate at a high rate, because of this, cancer cells that survive may reproduce and mutate further to become immune to that particular drug.

The accompanying is a sign posting of significant causes and is not complete, for example, chemical or toxic compound exposures, ionising radiation, pathogens and genetics (MedicineNet.com 2014). Nowadays there are a number of medicine accessible to treat cancer. In this essay, I will look at the different types of treatment and the advantages and disadvantages for each type of treatment.

The pathophysiological mechanisms are currently unknown, however it is believed that mutations in ribosomal proteins disrupt ribosome biogenesis, leading to red cell aplasia.1,2 Defective ribosome biogenesis is believed to lead to p53 activation which may cause apoptosis and cell cycle

We’ve all heard about the elusive cure for cancer. But cancer in itself isn’t just one specific disease:

With quite one.61 million cases diagnosed annually, carcinoma is that the leading reason behind cancer connected death within the men and second leading reason behind cancer death in girls worldwide [Jemal et al. 2011]. carcinoma is morphologically divided into non-small cell carcinoma and little cell carcinoma with non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) accounting for eightieth of all cases. it\'s a heterogeneous clinical cancer with major microscopic anatomy subtype reminiscent of epithelial cell carcinomas (SCC), adenocarcinomas (AC) and huge cell carcinomas [Brambilla et al. 2001]. The medical accomplishment in 20 years has provided least impact on the treatment of the cancer, the general 5 year survival rate of NSCLC is roughly 15 August 1945.

“Cancer is the abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells” (Fahey, 2015). There are many different kinds of cancers that affect various parts of the human body. Some of the most common types of cancer include lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Cancer, of all types, is one of the leading causes of death across the world today with Denmark and France being the countries with the highest rate for all cancers (World Cancer Research Fund International, 2012). “The lifetime risk of developing or dying from cancer refers to the chance a person has, over the course of his or her lifetime (from birth to death), of being diagnosed with or dying from cancer. These risk estimates, like annual incidence and mortality data, provide another measure of how widespread cancer is in the United States (American Cancer Society, 2016).” This risk for cancer is also becoming increasingly high as time goes on. According to the American Cancer Society, one in three people have a lifetime risk of being diagnosed with and/or dying from cancer (2016). The statistics of this risk varies between men and women as one gender may be more susceptible to a particular cancer than the other. Cancer can be treated in various ways and some forms are treatable whereas some are neither curable nor treatable. Here I will attempt to discuss how and/or why cancer forms, its detection, its treatment, as well as a few warning signs of some of the various forms of cancer.