Choice “D” is the best answer choice. Patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) often present at an advanced stage of disease with the pronounced cardiopulmonary symptoms of CHF. Patients usually complain of gradually worsening shortness of breath, progressive exercise intolerance, and fatigue. Fatigue and weakness are results of decreased stroke volume and cardiac output. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea may be reported. Right-sided congestive features are often prominent and patients may have distention of the abdomen secondary to ascites, and frequently have profound bilateral peripheral edema. Abdominal discomfort or liver tenderness may be reported. Chest pain secondary to angina or chest pain mimicking myocardial ischemia can be observed, …show more content…
Blood pressure may fall further on standing, particularly if autonomic neuropathy is present. Hypertension is unusual, and in patients with a history of hypertension, “spontaneous” resolution of hypertension over the preceding few months is common. Pulmonary exam reveals bilateral pleural effusions, but rales are rarely present, even in association with advanced heart failure. The pleural effusions in a patient with AL amyloidosis may simply represent heart failure, but patients with cardiac amyloid may also have pleural infiltration with amyloid, resulting in disproportionately large effusions that are diuretic resistant and rapidly recur after a pleural tap. Splenomegaly is rare, whereas hepatomegaly is common and is due either to congestion from right heart failure or to amyloid infiltration When extensive amyloid infiltration of the liver is present, the organ is rock-hard and not tender, often extending several centimeters below the costal margin and crossing the midline. This contrasts with the firm, sometimes tender, liver of heart failure. Peripheral edema may be profound, and if it appears disproportionate to the degree of heart failure, the possibility of associated nephrotic syndrome should be considered. In addition to autonomic dysfunction, amyloidosis may cause a sensory neuropathy, and the patient may complain of numbness or painful extremities/ A history of weight loss is common, and proteinuria, frequently reaching nephrotic range (≥3 g/24 h), coexists with cardiac disease in 30% to 50% of
Approximately, 1 of every 500 people is affected with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, it is important for patients to understand the dynamics of the disease as it could potentially be life threatening. In most cases, the patients quality of life is not affected, but a few will experience symptoms that cause significant discomfort or undetected complications that could lead to sudden cardiac death. With that in mind, it would be beneficial to recognize what it is, specific causes, the steps of diagnoses, and the options for treatment.
Ischemic heart disease is a state of repeating mid-section agony or distress that happens when a part of the heart does not get enough blood. This condition happens regularly amid effort or energy, when the heart requires more noteworthy blood stream. Ischemic heart disease, likewise called coronary illness, is regular in the United States and is a main source of death around the world. Ischemic coronary illness creates when cholesterol particles in the blood start to collect on the dividers of the corridors that supply blood to the heart. Inevitably, stores called plaques may shape. These stores limit the supply routes and in the end obstruct the stream of blood. This lessening in bloodstream decreases the measure of oxygen supplied to the heart muscle. The signs and indications of ischemic heart disease may grow gradually as corridors bit by bit get to be blocked, or they may happen rapidly if a course all of a sudden gets to be blocked. A few individuals with ischemic heart disease have no side effects by any means, while others may have serious midsection torment (angina) and shortness of breath that can represent a danger of
In December of 1992, my paternal grandfather suffered a heart attack. He had been hauling several 50 lb. sacks of corn up into the deer feeder on his property by himself. He got into his truck, turned the ignition, put it into drive and before he could take his foot off the brake, he was dead. He was 68 years old. I was thirteen and that seemed so old. I remember that prior to the event there were many conversations within my family about the condition of my grandfather’s heart and cardiovascular system and how he needed to make lifestyle changes. I remember him taking nitroglycerine pills. I remember him coming to Dallas to go to an appointment so that they could perform tests with names like “stress EKG.” I
Heart failure affects nearly 6 million Americans. It is the leading cause of hospitalization in people older than 65. Roughly 550,000 people are diagnosed with heart failure each year (Emory Healthcare, 2014). Heart failure is a pathologic state where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the demand of the body’s metabolic needs or when the ventricle’s ability to fill is impaired. It is not a disease, but rather a complex clinical syndrome. The symptoms of heart failure come from pulmonary vascular congestion and inadequate perfusion of the systemic circulation. Individuals experience orthopnea,
This assignment will take the form of a case study on a current patient with heart failure being nursed in a community setting. Due to confidentiality and patient privacy, the patient discussed will be referred to as John¹.
Congenital heart disease(CHD) is defined as a problem with the hearts structure and function that is present at birth.According to the center of disease control and prevention CHDs affect nearly 1% of―or about 40,000―births per year in the United States.1,2. Congenital heart disease is often considered to be a childhood condition. With the advances made it surgical treatment most children who would have died from this condition in the past are now able to survive well into adulthood and live relatively normal lives. Common symptoms are abnormal heart rhythms, bluish tint to the skin(cyanosis), shortness of breath, tiring quickly upon exertion,dizziness or fainting and possible swelling of body tissues or organs. Currently researchers are unsure as to what causes
(Ramani, Uber, & Mehra, 2010). My grandmother had heart failure and I saw how she had a time trying to breath and her ankles were swollen all the time. She thought the medicine was hurting her instead of helping. She took several different medications to try to control her symptoms, but she eventually succumbed to heart disease.
Coronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease remains the most common cause of death in the United Kingdom. A statistic from the American Heart Association is that heart disease claims a life every 24 seconds. [www.americanheart.org] Another is that it is the largest single cause of premature death in the United Kingdom, responsible for 180 000 deaths annually. [www.americanheart.org]
Patient education is fundamental in promoting health literacy. The health care professionals play a crucial role in educating the patients to improve their quality of life by identifying their learning needs, any learning barriers and adopting a teaching method that actively relays knowledge and promotes the active participation of the patient. Health literacy can be defined as the capacity of an individual to gain knowledge, process information, retain knowledge and apply it to life to promote health and wellbeing (Robinson, et al., 2011). Patient education requires the active participation of learners (Bastable, 2014). Managing chronic illness like Heart failure can be challenging for many patients as it requires modifying their behaviours, lifestyles and following a strict diet plan (Baptiste et al., 2014). This paper aims to explain and justify the principles and methods involved in the education session for a Chronic Heart Failure discharge patient. The secondary objective of this paper is to elaborate on the benefits of teaching a
Most chronic health conditions have at least some psychological effect on a person, and sometimes it can psychologically affect their loved ones around them also. This is true with congenital heart disease. Congenital heart disease is a number of different defects of the heart that are present at birth and is one of the most common types of birth defects. With the advancement of medical technology and cardiac surgical techniques children with congenital heart disease are living longer and even surviving into adulthood. Along with this new generation of congenital heart disease survivors has come the question of how congenital heart disease plays a role in ones psychological welfare. Many studies have been done on this subject, but mostly with children and adolescents. Most of this population is just now reaching adulthood, so not much information is
During inspection of the heart assessment observe abnormal finding. Inspect the jugular vein and the carotid artery. Note pallor or cyanotic skin color, temperature, turgor, texture, and clubbing of finger. Observe for swelling, edema and ulceration. Clubbing is a sign of chronic hypoxia caused by a lengthy cardiovascular or respiratory. Poor cardiac output and tissue perfusion is noted by cyanosis and pallor. For dark-skinned, inspect his mucous membranes for pallor. Decreases or absent of pulse with cool, pale, and shiny skin, and hair loss to the area, and the patient may have pain in the legs and feet may indicate arterial insufficiency. Ulcerations typically occur in the area around the toes, and the foot usually turns deep red when dependent
The cardiometabolic syndrome (metabolic syndrome) is a combination of metabolic abnormalities associated with increased incidence of type II diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular events (David et al 2006). In view of this, the syndrome should be considered by the physicians to asses high risk population, usually underestimated and undermanaged (Lopez-Jaramillo et al., 2013).
Restrictive cardiomyopathy is the rarest type of cardiomyopathy affecting less than 5% of people. It causes the hearts myocardium to become rigid leading to diastolic dysfunction and often times, heart failure. One type of restrictive cardiomyopathy is known as idiopathic or primary cardiomyopathy. It is usually caused by a genetic mutation and is diagnosed only through exclusion. Infiltrative cardiomyopathy is other form of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Like its name, it is caused by the infiltration of proteins into the heart muscle. The left ventricle walls in restrictive cardiomyopathy are most often normal, however with infiltrative disease like amyloidosis and sarcoidosis it becomes thicker. Other types of secondary restrictive cardiomyopathy
It is the time of progress. The time of supercomputers, space shuttles, and many other wonders of technology. We have walked on the moon. We do our shopping at home via Internet navigation.
From the very first time the heart starts pounding until the time of death, it may beat more than 3.5 billion times. The center of the circulatory system is the heart. The average heart beats 100,000 times each day, pushing around 2,000 gallons of blood throughout your body. With a life span of 70-90, the heart will beat two to three billion times and circulate 50-65 million gallons of blood.