Causes And Treatment Of Cryptosporidium Species Are Intestinal Protozoan Parasites With A Worldwide Distribution, Responsible For Diarrheal Disease

I might identify cases of cyclosporiasis by interviewing people, asking about their specific symptoms/what have they been eating lately (and from where). I’d use people from the community and patients from hospitals as controls.

Today in medicine doctors are rapidly isolating and distinguishing the many pathogenic microbes encountered daily within the environment. Public health has been affected from the faster identification of microorganisms by delivering an accurate analysis to patients in order to receive treatment of the disease in a timely manner. Due to the growing understanding of these organisms more have been easier to indicate to improve water quality. Also more methods have been developed for better treatment options from fecal bacteria in public water systems. Scientist has developed such specific methods of identifying the unknown organism to tell if the contamination has come from either a human, bird, or mammal. (Achtman et al., 2008)

In January 1994, the 6.7 Northridge Earthquake in California disturbed the soil and as a result of the magnitude, aftershocks, and subsequent landslides, Coccidioidomycosis fungi became aerosolized and dispersed [5]. 203 cases were identified in Ventura County, but Coccidioidomycosis was not the original diagnosis [5]. Data on Coccidioidomycosis is limited due to varieties in state reporting, testing practices, and misunderstanding of the disease [1]. A general conclusion is that 10-50% of those living in endemic areas have been exposed to some form of the disease and each year, approximately 150,000 new cases will occur in the United States [1]. In 2010, Arizona and California were the two states with the highest incidence of Coccidioidomycosis, with 186 new cases per 100,000 population in Arizona and 11.5 new cases per 100,000 in California [1]. From 2000-2011, there were 25,217 hospitalizations for 15,747 patients in California [3]. Many patients were readmitted because they relapsed at least once after their medication prescription ended. This totaled over $2 billion in hospital bills [3]. Over the years, the highest communities at risk have been men, people over the age of 65, Hispanics, Filipinos, Native Americans, pregnant women, and those with

A decrepit, fungus infested, skeleton-man who’s both tormented and controlled by the reproductive organs of a parasitic fungal infection growing on his face. He hides in dark damp places, usually behind his victim’s toilets, muttering gibberish to himself and occasionally wailing out in bursts of intense pain. His victims mainly include children, who’s blood he ingests, then regurgitates back into the bloodstream imbued with infectious fungal spores. Shortly following infection, the victim may begin to display early flu-like symptoms. After about 4 days, several brown to black pigmented regions begin to appear in large patches on the skin and the flu-like symptoms intensify. At 5-6 days, foxfire may begin to emanate from the patches, along

In response to these comments, it was then that the FDA added three additional pathogens to the list of qualifying pathogens: Coccidiodes species, Cryptococcus species, and Helicobacter pylori. Coccidiosis species, Cryptococcus species, and Helicobacter pylori. Coccidiosis is a disease caused by fungi from the genes of Cryptococcus that affect living organisms such as humans and animals. Living organisms usually contract this by inhaling the fungi, thus resulting in lung infection that can travel to the brain causing further harm for the organism. Two individuals were first identified with the fungus between 1894 and 1895. The Cryptococci’s can be found worldwide. The main way that disease is spread is also through inhalation with the particular fungus that happens to be associated with several species of bird, particularly old pigeon waste and bat guano.

Gendrault, J. L., Steffan, A. M., Bingen, A., & Kirn, A. (1981). Penetration and uncoating

This kind of infection is usually caused by an animal bite. It can also occur after an animal licks a person's skin that is damaged by a cut or scratch. Cats, dogs, poultry (chicken, turkey), and livestock (cow, horse, sheep) can all carry the bacteria. Sometimes, the cause is not known.

Fungi have emerged over the past several decades as major contributors to human disease.(1, 2) As populations of immunocompromised and/or hospitalized patients continue to increase, so will the incidence of invasive fungal infections. A recent study reported that fungemia in the United States increased by 207% between 1979 and 2000.(3) Moreover, as the populations at risk for fungal infection continue to expand, so will the spectrum of pathogens capable of infecting those individuals.

The pathogenic agent is found everywhere except New Zealand. The bacterium is extremely sustainable and virulent: a single organism is able to cause an infection. The common way of infection is inhalation of contaminated dust, contact with contaminated milk, meat, wool and particularly birthing products. Ticks can transfer the pathogenic agent to other animals. Transfer between humans seems extremely rare and has so far been described in very few

Just like any other disease, crypto has some similar symptoms which includes watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, upset stomach, slight fever and you begin to lose weight. These symptoms take 2 to 10 days till it actually begins to show after the person has been infected. The disease begins to weaken your immune system just like AIDS/HIV which can lead to a life or death situation. Crypto can be spread through contaminated drinks and food, as well as putting things in your mouth after being in contact with bowel movement of another person or even an animal whom already has crypto. Not only so, but the infection is originally caused by swallowing the parasite, when it is swallowed and the parasite goes inside the intestine the parasite comes out of its shell, and begins to multiply. There are drugs that can be used to reduce the symptoms, but there is no hundred percent drug treatment that cures this disease. This drug is known as aminoglycoside antibiotic; it stops the growth of parasites inside of the intestines [12]. If the individual whom have the infection of crypto still has a healthy immune system and still have watery diarrhea they would be given IV fluids and antidiarrheal drugs, to stop the diarrhea and keep the body hydrated. It can be prevented through having good hygiene, being washed hands after using the restroom, after changing diapers, before preparing and eating food, after coming in contact with animals or soil as well as infected people

C. hominis is associated with acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea in humans. Many species from the same genus also cause these diseases and those infected are said to have cryptosporidiosis.

African sleeping sickness is a disease with multiple factors that make it a deadly illness to contract. To understand the illness is to understand its vector and how it plays a critical role in its infection of people. The relationship between the protozoan and the Tsetse fly is an intimate one that cannot be disregarded when evaluating its effects on a community. When traveling to counties that have a Tsetse fly presence in Africa it is best to plan ahead and use preventative measures. It was been proven to be much easier to prevent an infection of African sleeping sickness as opposed to curing it. The protozoan is able to survive and thrive in multiple organisms which makes it an incredible microbe and its ability to use the Tsetse fly as

The most known cause or reason that you can get Cryptosporidiosis is by digesting contaminated water, but also it can be spread by humans through sexual behavior (Jacqueline, 2015). A person can get infected with Cryptosporidiosis by digesting contaminated water, this can occur through drinking or swimming in infected water, swallowing or putting something infected in the mouth (such as fingers), being exposed to human feces through sexual contact , or by eating uncooked food (such as salad greens) that has been contaminated (John et al. 2012). Most people who experience significant symptoms from Cryptosporidiosis have an altered immune system, and suffer from diseases such as AIDS and cancer (Jaqueline, 2015). Due to a protective outer shell, Cryptosporidium can live outside of the body for several months and are very resistant to the chlorine-based disinfectants that are often used to treat water sources (GEEH, 2013).

manner, Santín and Trout (2007) shown that the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in older animals is several times lower as compared to calves. The host age is an very important factor that influences the pathogenicity of Cryptosporidium, with calves being more susceptible to infection than adults

Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan intestinal parasite causing a short-term enteric illness in individuals with functioning immune systems, and can cause a potentially fatal infection in immunosuppressed individuals. Because of C. parvum’s resistance to many of the procedures used to process drinking water and food, and the parasite’s extremely high fecundity, the potential for a large scale outbreak is very high. In fact, C. parvum was responsible for an outbreak in Milwaukee in 1993 when an estimated 403,000 people became ill. This was the largest waterborne outbreak of disease in United States history. This paper will cover some aspects of C. parvum’s life cycle, human sickness