Causes Of Transfusion Related Lung Injury

Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) has been an upcoming cause of transfusion related mortality. It is characterized by the sudden development of non cardiac related pulmonary edema after transfusion of blood products. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in the past two reporting years, it has been the leading cause of transfusion related deaths. It is of severe importance for physicians, nurses and also laboratory scientists to become familiar with the presentations of

Introduction: Blood transfusion aims in appropriate use of blood and blood products in a safe manner to treat a condition leading to a significant morbidity and mortality which cannot be treated or managed by other treatment measures. However transfusion always carries a risk of triggering adverse reactions as well as transmission of blood borne infections1. Due to this the concept of patient blood management is gaining increasing attention worldwide and Hospital Transfusion Committees (HTC) has

pneumonia represent in up to 60% of patients and may be either causes or complications of ARDS and according to literature approximately 30% of patients with severe sepsis may develop ARDS or ALI. Other triggers include aspiration, circulatory shock, mechanical ventilation, smoke inhalation, trauma especially pulmonary contusion major surgery, massive blood transfusions, drug reaction or overdose, fat emboli and reperfusion pulmonary edema after lung transplantation or pulmonary embolectomy. Alcohol excess

Trauma was the major cause of mortality and morbidity till last 2 decades but after that there have been major improvements in management and resuscitation of trauma patients. This does not imply only to emergency care but also ICU management. It is well established that there is trimodal distribution of death in trauma patients. First peak is within seconds to minutes because of head or cervical spine injury or to injury to major blood vessel and much cannot be done about this. The second peak occurs

Blood transfusion has been performed for centuries after the three blood types were discovered. However, only in 1907 the first fairly safe blood transfusion happened after the fourth type of blood was discovered by Dr. Reuben Ottenberg of Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. Researcher in Brussels and Bueno Aires found that Sodium Citrate prevents blood clotting (Levy, 2015), which made possible to store blood for future transfusions. In 1941 the American Red Cross established the blood donor service

Transfusion Reactions A transfusion reaction is the body’s systemic response to the administration of blood. Causes for transfusion reactions can include red cell incompatibility; allergic response due to leukocytes, platelets, plasma protein components of transfused blood, or the anticoagulant (potassium or citrate preservatives) used to store the blood, just to name a few. Symptoms, prevention, and treatment will be discussed for the following transfusion reactions: Transfusion Associated Circulatory

A transfusion reaction is the body’s systemic response to the administration of blood. Causes for transfusion reactions can include red cell incompatibility, allergic response due to leukocytes, platelets, plasma protein components of transfused blood, or the anticoagulant (potassium or citrate preservatives) used to store the blood, just to name a few. Symptoms, prevention, and treatment will be discussed for the following transfusion reactions: Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO)

Blood Transfusion, Adult Introduction A blood transfusion is a procedure in which you receive donated blood, including plasma, platelets, and red blood cells, through an IV tube. You may need a blood transfusion because of illness, surgery, or injury. The blood may come from a donor. You may also be able to donate blood for yourself (autologous blood donation) before a surgery if you know you might require a blood transfusion. The blood given in a transfusion is made up of different types of cells

common cause of shock and preventable death (Sweeney, 2013). Optimisation of haemoglobin concentration by blood transfusion remains a treatment priority in these patients (Mitra et al., 2007) and subsequently, a massive blood transfusion is the most effective treatment. A massive blood transfusion is defined as the replacement of a patient’s entire blood volume or transfusion of 10 or more blood units within a 24-hour period (Hess, 2013). Similarly, Mitra et al (2007) define a massive transfusion as

Platelet transfusion There is no fixed platelet count threshold in ICU patients that signals platelet transfusion (93), but because of hemorrhage fear there is a widespread notion that the platelet count should be maintained over 100X109/L in massive bleeding or when bleeding occurs at dangerous sites such as in intracranial hemorrhage (94). In addition to platelet count, the risk of hemorrhage is also dependent on the hematocrit and the bleeding time (95). So, red blood cell transfusion should also