Ceratopteris Fern Growth and Analysis: Observing Germination and Effects of Ammonium Nitrate Treatment
I: Abstract
Observing the effects of ammonium nitrate has on the germination days of C-Fern gametophytes by constructing an experiment with two spore-sown petri dishes, one control and one treatment – a normal nutrient-rich agar petri dish and an ammonium nitrate-containing petri dish respectively. The two petri dishes were each inoculated with three drops of spore suspension by a pipet, then spores were spread by a sterilized-bent paper clip to allow even distribution of spores. Gametophyte germination occurred approximately two weeks after inoculation for the control, and gametophyte germination occurred
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Spores were sown in the week of September 10th and no observations were made. First observation was made in the week of September 17th, Friday 3:08 pm, the control displayed some growth with flagella-like hair, however, no germination was observed. The treatment did not display any signs of growth, only air-like bubbles were observed. Second observation was made in the week of September 24th, Friday 3:10 pm, the control displayed germination, gametophytes were visible under the microscope, however, hermaphrodites were not significantly observed. The treatment still does not display signs of germination, only small green spores were observed under the microscope. Last observation was made in the week of October 1st, Friday 3:05 pm, the control displayed significant signs of growth, it appeared that fertilization took place and an embryo was in development. The treatment only displayed minimal germination, however, some spores appeared to be infested with fungus.
IV: Results
|Days Until Germination |
|Group |Control (days) |Treatment (days) |
|Group 1 |14 |14 |
|Group
Where the red fern grows by Wilson rawls was wrote in 1961. This story is about a boy who earned money to buy two redbone coonhounds. He trained them to hunt “ringtails”. He ends up entering a championship and wins. Sadly, after an unfortunate event his dogs passed away.
In this experiment we are testing the effect of fertilizer on the speed of plant growth. We prepared a 4 quad cell, 1 control group and 3 experimental groups. So, we had one with no fertilizer, one with three seeds of fertilizer, one with six seeds of fertilizer, and lastly, one with nine seeds of fertilizer. The plants that we grew were called Wisconsin Fast Plants, members of the crucifer family. These plants are small and easy to grow, but for optimal growth they require continuous fertilizer, water, fluorescent light, and temperature between 18 degrees Celsius and 26 degrees Celsius 24 hours a day. Fertilizers are substances that are put into soils to increase the growth of the plant. There are two different types of fertilizers, synthetic
The experiment was begun by obtaining four 8 oz. Styrofoam cups and punching a hole through the bottom of them. This hole was for water entry or excess water drainage. Moistened soil was packed to the 1/2 full line in the cup along with 3 fertilizer pellets The cups were labeled the following: Rosette-H20, Rosette-GA, Wild-Type-H2O, and Wild-type- GA.(Handout 1) A small wooden applicator stick was obtained a moistened at the tip with water from the petri dish labeled ‘water.’ This was to be able to attract the seed to the applicator in order to place the seed from its original container into
I cannot remember the first time I read Where the Red Fern Grows, by Wilson Rawls. I read it at about age ten, and I have lost count of how many times I read it since. It was a period in my life when childhood was nearly over, but adolescence had not yet set in, and it was a time when animals were my greatest love.
Most members of the kingdom Fungi lack flagella; the structures are completely absent in all stages of their life cycle. The only
Determination is the first theme shown throughout the novel, Where The Red Fern Grows. When Billy ordered his two dogs and went on a trip to get them, Billy used his strong determination to brave out rude city people and get over all of the hardships in his way. “I was ready to die for my dogs.” (Rawls 45-46) After Billy went to the city and collected his pups, he went on a venture to go back home. When the night came, Billy and his dogs slept in a cave, but then a mountain lion caught the scent of Billy’s dogs and roared out into the Ozarks. Billy became determined and protected his dog with his life against the mountain lion. Another example of determination in the novel, Where The Red Fern Grows is when Billy would not stop looking
In the beginning of lab, we were advised to obtain a nutrient agar petri plate, which is used for the cultivation of microbes supporting growth of non-fastidious organisms. Since it contains many nutrients, a wide variety of bacteria and fungi can grow. Taking the plate,
…offers many advantages, including a substantial body of research into aspects of its life cycle and genetics, a rapid life cycle allowing studies to be conducted in a timely manner, ease of isolating strains from the wild and grown them in the laboratory, and the fact that it produces fruiting bodies (perithecia) containing narrow, elongate asci with eight spores that are easily viewable under the microscope, and whose order reflects events that occur during meiosis (Burpee, Cyr, Hass, Ikis, Richter, Ward, & Woodward, 2015).
At the start of this experiment we were required to obtain a set of four Wisconsin Fast Plants, which are genetically, known as Brassica rapa. These plants have been, “originally selected under continuous fluorescent light to grow and reproduce quickly for research purposes, these petite, fast-growing plants have been used for teaching biology concepts” (Wisconsin Fast Plants). These four pots that contain our plants will be under our watch for the next 16 weeks where we will show our results at the end of the semester.
Table 3 shows Gram stain results that indicated C. Freundii as a gram negative bacterium in rod shapes scattered in singles and some in pairs. Each gram stain produced the same results. The Bartholomew and Mittwer method of endospore staining indicated that C. Freundii tested negative for endospore formation. Table 4 shows the biochemical test results of the unknown and the official test results for comparison.
Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to observe the behavior of the Armadillium vulgare (roly- poly
This experiment can be enhanced in many ways. The amount of alcohol used as treatments could be lessened to measure the viability of A. salina more accurately. The amount of cysts in each Petri dish was not consistent because there
The prediction that the percentage of male gametophytes would increase as the population density of the gametophytes increased, and the prediction that the percentage of male gametophytes would decrease as the population density of the gametophytes increased were not supported by our results. When the population density was low, the percentage of male gametophytes was relatively low because there would not be enough eggs to fertilize the sperm produced from both the hermaphrodite,and the sperm produced by the male gametophyte. When the population density was high, the percentage of male gametophytes was higher but still less than fifty percent because of the same reasons.The data from our results did support our
The second step of the experiment was to soak the seeds in water overnight. This action was made to prepare the seeds for germination and making them more softer and less rigid. The seeds were placed in a bowl and were covered by tin foil. It was set up on the refrigerator to minimize any outside interference that may come to it. After a full night of absorbing the water, the seeds were ready to start the next stage.
Thompson and Wujek (1997) has published a monograph that includes 13 species of Cephaleuros and in 2009, Suto and Ohtani added three species from Japan. Currently, Guiry and Guiry (2014), listed 17 species that including Caphaleuros virescens Kunze ex E.M. Fries. The original name for Caphaleuros virescens was “red rust” but this name has led to some unfortunate misidentifications. According to Brook (2015), species of these algae are often misidentified for a fungus because of the symptom that shows erect, yellow to red filaments and hairs like a fruiting body that raised on the leaf surface which matches the characteristics of rust fungi (Marlatt and Alfieri, 1981). A currently accepted common name for this disease is algae spot but red rust