Challenges Faced With Big Data

Specialized cameras now allow crime techs to capture entire crime scenes on video for later reference. Therefore, GPS devices and forensic science have also been improved by technology and have enhanced law enforcement organizations’ ability to function.

One disadvantage regarding the use of Body cameras is not just the cost of the cameras and the data storage but also the infrastructure that needs to be maintained. As time goes on capacities will be exceeded, the networks will continue to degrade, and the supplementary equipment required to store the videos will continue to degrade or become obsolete. (1) In addition to this there is the cost of employing people to catalog and retrieve any video footage related to subpoenas, investigations and public information records requests as well as software licensing fees. (3) Approximately 25 percent of the videos that are collected are related to crimes and they must be kept for possible judicial purposes. One police department reported having 35,000 videos retained that met this requirement of possibly judicial need. (4) Police departments across the country that have already instituted the use of body cameras have seen the costs of maintaining these videos run into the millions of dollars just to manage the data not counting the cost of buying the cameras. (11)

Through video footage, those accused of crimes often have evidence that can stand up against police officer reports and testimony. In some cases, it may even catch an officer in a lie. With many judges and jurors, police officers are often considered the most reliable witnesses to a crime. This makes a cop's testimony often the difference between a guilty or not guilty verdict. When video exists, however, it drastically changes the dynamic in the courtroom. When it comes to certain cases like Trayvon Martin, there are eye witness testimonies that conflict with the testimonies of the accuser. Radly Balko compares the implementation of the use of this equipment by the police departments in Denver, Co. and the city of Rialto, Ca. This provided very different results, and demonstrate the use of the equipment. It can only be effective if accompanied by policies that standardize the use and provides penalties for those officers that fail to comply. The use of the cameras can provide full transparency as evidence of good and bad behavior of the

Providing Evidence for Trials. Footage captured from police body cameras can be used as evidence in cases and trials, providing objective information relating to whether law enforcement officers and their use of force in the field are justifiable. Recorded footage has the advantage of documenting the series of events that have happened and confirms the accuracy of police reports or statements (Harvard Law Review, 2015). Police cameras and the footage that is collected can be used as an aid to help prosecutors secure evidence to prosecute

CCTV (closed-circuit television) is the use of video cameras that are strategically placed in cities, urban communities, roadways to observe vehicle movement, observe areas for possible crimes, for security around buildings and overall to monitor areas for crime prevention. This system uses video cameras and TV systems that record and monitor these actives but they are not broadcast for the public. This footage is used for security purposes and for surveillance, depending on the situation/scenario. Video cameras are routinely placed in police vehicles to

Individuals believe that those in law enforcement abuse technology in their line of work such as in the courtroom or when they are patrolling the streets, also many of these individuals have convinced themselves and others that the government has each person under constant surveillance, collecting the data and stockpiling this collected data over CCTV for other to see. This brings up two questions that will be answered in this paper. Are police and other members of law enforcement using this technology correctly? How is data collected and stored by different agencies? Police have technology in their possession that is used to keep us safer each and every day. Many people see this as a danger as it could give police too much power, but truthfully

Sometimes it feels like sense of "everyone is filming everybody" with the progress of science and technology and expectations of privacy development. It is very important that law enforcement agencies need seriously consider, when they use this technology how to affect the privacy rights of public, especially when courts have not yet provided guidance on these issues.

Besides these, amber alerts, crime analysis such as Compstat technology, and gunshot location or detection, robotic cameras are other devices that have also been beneficial to the investigation process (Chen, 2013). Computer forensic technology also makes it possible for law enforcement to search and analyze data on crime during investigations in a prompt and efficient manner.

Big data is used to refer to availability of massive volume of data, both structured data and unstructured data, (Viktor & Kenneth, 2014). The data is so large and grows exponentially that processing it using traditional techniques is difficult. The data is not only massive, but also diverse and fast changing. Organizations, therefore, require modern techniques, infrastructure, and advanced personnel skills to address it efficiently. In simple terms, the volume, variety, and the velocity of the data is too great.

The authors of [1] aim to dispel some of the current hype surrounding big data, mainly the misnomer that it is all about technology and the process is automated. In fact there are three critical elements requiring human expertise 1) the data must be the right kind, of sufficient quantity, and clean 2) a specific process must be followed for success starting with the identification of the objective 3) expert humans who know how to use the technology, execute the big data process, and perform the mining tasks which require significant mathematical calculations.

Criminal Justice is a field of study based on withholding rights to those citizens who have broken the law. People of many different backgrounds are interested in the endless possibilities this field has to offer. Many jobs such as police, detectives, lawyers, parole officers, and even judges all make up part of the system. What all these occupations share in common is a large amount of time spent around felons and convicts, which in some instances can be a dangerous job to do. In some cases the lives of these men and women are at risk, so to protect and ensure the safety of both parties, precautionary measures are taken by implementing video surveillance.

The utilization of technology for law enforcement surveillance is not new. In the mid-1990s, dashboard cameras became a tool for catching real-time experiences between the police and the general public (Blake, 2015). In spite of early disapproval, dashboard cameras gained widespread acknowledgment as research showed constructive effects on officer responsibility as well as a decrease in agency accountability. Closed circuit (CC) surveillance systems have similarly turned out to be well-known as both a strategy for crime deterrence and as a tool for criminal inspections. Hundreds of departments tested the cameras and will buy, if you can pay hundreds of dollars for each device and the additional costs it would entail. The US President, Barack Obama, has submitted a plan of 75 million to help buy 50,000 police cameras (Gomez, 2015). There are both pros and cons of using this technology. The potential value of video proof has a downside, its inability to catch a specific event, might unreasonably hurt one side of an argument. An absence of video proof can also arbitrarily undercut an officer’s record (Gomez, 2015).

Law Enforcement and Technology Introduction Revolutionary progress in the field of information technology has ushered in numerous changes in the ways police officers and law enforcement agencies use to identify, trail and make cases against suspects. Throughout the last century, most of the technological advances in surveillance by law enforcement revolved around establishing and enhancing methods of communication: telephones, radio calls and other emergency communications. In this century, surveillance has become technological and is real time. The following are some of the latest surveillance technologies available to law enforcers.

Heterogeneity, scale, timeliness, complexity, and privacy problems with Big Data impede progress at all phases of the pipeline that can create value from data. The problems start right away during data acquisition, when the data tsunami requires us to make decisions, currently in an ad hoc manner, about what data to keep and what to discard, and how to store what we keep reliably with the right metadata. Much data today is not natively in structured format; for example, tweets and blogs are weakly structured pieces of text, while images and video are structured for storage and display, but not for semantic content and search: transforming such content into a structured format for later analysis is a major challenge. We will find out a way how structured big data can be transformed into unstructured data to increase the performance. Storage price trends have shown that now a days it’s not a big deal to afford storage for big un structured data. As far as performance is concerned, big data manageability in terms of unstructured data is more efficient. So as far as revenue is concerned this research will provide

Big data is an extensive collection of structured and unstructured data. It is a modern day technology which is applied to store, manage and analyze data that are not possible to manage, store and analyze by using the commonly used software or tools. Since all of our daily tasks are overtaken by the modern technologies and all the businesses and organizations are using internet system to operate, the production of data has increased significantly in past