When things or people are different from mainstream expectations, they are “the Other” because they do not conform in ways that are conventional. The texts Jeanne D’Arc, Maid of Orleans: Deliverer Of France and Joan’s Letter to the English, Poitiers, 22 March 1429, revealed a Joan of Arc that was gender fluid in language, behavior, and appearance, as well as one who engaged in divine transgressive sexuality. However, although Christine de Pisan, in her “Ditié De Johanne de Arc,” tried to normalize the Maid, she was Othered to the point that her society had to exorcise her from the body politic.
In a strictly genital society like medieval France, Joan of Arc was biologically female, and identified as so in language and titles. For instance,
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There are many moments throughout the Ditié De Johanne de Arc that presented Joan of Arc’s bravery within the context of war. “And her enemies go fleeing before her, not one of them can stand up to her” (Pisan XXXV). Through several descriptions of battles, Joan of Arc was able to display her strength through her capability to fight. She had even displayed extreme strength in comparison to various men (Pisan XXV). This comparison of her strength in relation to males displayed her power as aligned with those of men, and this further represented her identification as male through this capability of being compared to men. Her power in warfare also transferred over to her ability to make threats and demands to other powerful men, something a female would not have been able to do in this time. In Joan’s letter to the English, Poitiers, 22 March 1429, she made threats of violence against the King of England and his people if they did not depart from France (Joan of Arc 182). “…I am [general] in this war and I assure you that wherever I find your people in France I shall fight them, and pursue them, and expel them from here…” (Joan of Arc 182). These behavioral traits surrounding strength and power traditionally existed with men during this time period. Joan of Arc’s presentation of both of these qualities displayed her male identification as a result of her exhibiting characteristics traditionally seen in males, although she was biologically a
Larissa Taylor takes her readers on a journey through the life of the infamous Joan of Arc. Joan can be easily recognized as a historical figure in the 15th century, a female warrior, and a woman that was fiercely independent and determined. Joan’s life has been told again and again, which has slowly taken away from the incredible woman that held so many triumphs. Instead of giving her readers a list of Joan’s accomplishments, Taylor enthralls the reader by detailing every step of Joan’s life, start to finish, so that one can really understand the life of the warrior.
In her novel, In the Time of the Butterflies, Julia Alvarez unfolds a dramatic character transformation of the Mirabal sister, Maria Teresa. She is detailed to be a very thoughtful character who always seem to look out for others, especially those important to her in life. Alvarez induces this empowering development of Maria Teresa through the usage of diction, point of view and selection of detail.
The Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux was commissioned by Queen Jeanne d’Evreux, wife of King Charles IV, sometime between 1324 and 1339, and donated to the royal abbey church of Saint-Denis in 1339 according to the inscription on the pedestal (Barbier). French royals in the 13th and 14th centuries often had luxury works of metal and enamel commissioned for churches, palaces, or their private homes (Kleiner).
This paper will be an analysis of the personality of Blanche Elizabeth Devereaux from the show titled “The Golden Girls.” In this paper Blanche will be analyzed from two points of view. The first analysis will be from the view of psychodynamics using Freud’s ideas on personality. For this analysis I will begin with the structure of Blanche’s personality in regards to the Id, which is the aspect of personality that deals with the instincts, the Ego, which is the rational aspect of the personality, and the Superego, which is the moral aspect of personality. The second analysis will be from the perspective of Abraham Maslow; I will use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and his
After Jeannette’s mother leaves the family to re-certify herself as a teacher, she leaves Jeannette $200 for food and other necessities. However, with Rex’s knowledge of her possessing this amount of money, when he runs out of money to purchase booze and cigarettes, he goes to Jeannette. He did not charm his way into receiving the money from Jeannette but, “he simply waited for her to fork over the cash, as if he knew she didn’t have it in her to say no” (209). Jeannette displays weakness here as she relents to Rex’s request for cash even though she’s on a tight budget. As Jeannette is on a tight budget to ensure her siblings are fed, Rex takes her to a bar in order to pay her back, however uses her youthful looks to attract pool players, such
Robertson discusses the representation of women in the Lais of de France and how they were constructed around the feudal society and were meant to represent the female agency. Robertson goes on to explain the feudal society and how it is a social ladder where everyone gets their opinions from who is on the very top—this being the “Church and the aristocracy” (Robertson 68). Robertson makes the point that these are two facets that are least acquainted with women. Robertson notes that medieval people also elevated the status of women at the same time as decimating it. Women—ladies—were compared to the Virgin Mary, who represents all things a woman should be: chaste, delicate, beautiful, modest, and so on. Marie de France wrote her lais so they could be enjoyed by both men and women, but she did explore the gender inequalities that existed in her time and still exist today!
Do you suppose such a person can be admitted to your Highness's court?”. Joan is not treated the same as the other men in the society by the mere fact that she was a women. She was forced to cut her hair short and wear male clothing be just be safe on her travels to talk to the french nobles about going to war. She was also called terrible names and harassed by other soldiers, but she kept her passion and continued to fight the good fight. Joan used almost only Pathos when she was talking to the french nobles.
In a strictly genital society like medieval France, Joan of Arc was biologically female, and identified as so in her titles and certain acts. For instance, descriptions about Joan of Arc employed the language “her, woman, and she” Discussions surrounding Joan of Arc used these phrases, for instance, “…born on the feast of Epiphant 1412, heard in her earlier girlhood the sad state of her country torn asunder by faction…” (Murray). This terminology presents Joan of Arc as a female through the usage of these gender pronouns. In addition to these terms, Joan of Arc also referred to herself with the title “Jehanne la Pucelle” (Warner 12). “La Pucelle” is another way of saying “the virgin”. The identification of herself with this term displays Joan of Arc as a woman because the concern with her virginity being known to others was reserved for females during this time, since
During the scenes of Henry V and St. Joan of Arc, it is noticed that there are certain expectations that are expected of each Joan and Henry. Each of these individuals are expected of different things based on their genders. Joan shows that being “just a girl” doesn’t have to determine what you do and Henry makes it known that if you do certain things that you believe in, that you are still a man and shouldn’t listen to what other have to say and to prove them wrong. This is where both people have similarities and differences when it comes to their gender roles.
The Other is a term that is appointed by people to those with different ideas of race, sexual orientation, social class, origin, and other classifications. There are numerous amounts of people who could be characterized as the Other with American history having much relation to cruel forlorn phenomenon. The Other’s in history are those who are also considered the outsiders, and the ones who were left without a voice in society. A few examples of the Other that can be discovered throughout this week’s literature would be individuals who have obtained contrasting views on women, Native Americans, and different political ideologies. The Other is one of the common figures that are prevalent throughout all of American literature, and may be defined as a whole part of society, a community within a society, or even an individual group or class within a clique or gang.
Christian Anne Vois was wondrous in many particular, contrasting and peculiar ways. Her features [those including innate and obvious] , seeable ones, used the word contrasting, they opposed each other and sometimes balanced one another. One after the other feature, wholly unique. And they lay out like this: to begin with, Christian’s mouth moved in a smart clickety-clack way, her lips formless but a flurry of clear hybrid tea pink. The hidden yet still visible keen attitude to those who knew her well lay awake under her lids and inside her eyes. When a disagreement or empty- hearted remark wasted its way towards her ears [but never her heart] she would immediately pull her hand up into a crunched fist and haughtily wisp away a piece of hair
This fluidity was circumstantial, and can be portrayed by Joan herself in her letter to the English, 22 March 1429 through the way she references herself when writing demands to the Duke of Bedford to leave France and offer compensation (Joan of Arc 182). When Joan of Arc wishes to portray herself in a feminine way that displays how she is supposed to act, she refers to her own self as “the Maid”. An example of this is when she is beginning to describe to the Duke what she wishes to gain from him. “Return to the Maid…she has come here by God’s will…she is quite ready to make peace” (Joan of Arc 182). In this, she is offering peace if the Duke with succumb to her will, and this offer of peace presents her as soft and docile, which is traditionally what is expected of a woman. Therefore, this
To be the Other is to be the non-subject, the non-person, the non-agent—in short, the mere body. In law, in customary practice, and in cultural stereotypes, women's selfhood has been systematically subordinated, diminished, and belittled , when it has not been outright denied. Since women have been cast as lesser forms of the masculine individual, the paradigm of the self that ha s gained ascendancy in U.S. popular culture and in Western philosophy is derived from the experience of the predominantly white and heterosexual, mostly economically advantaged men who have wielded social, economic, and political power and who have dominated the arts, literature, the media, and scholarship. ( 2011,The Second
The first feature is homosocial bonding between the author Christine and Joan of Arc, the women she is describing and praising, and this consistent praise gives way for the reader to view Joan of Arc as an extremely powerful woman, not generally seen in this time period. Christine consistently admires Joan of Arc and her skills. “Could one ever
Once there was two worlds that intersected with one onother.One world was called “Lorraine” were humans without power lived under the king’s rule. The other world was called “Reich dole”, where creatures possessed dark power, and with no king to rule them they lived happily to their desire. In between the world of the dark creatures there lived vampires, but after years of their appearance only a few humans knew about their existence. Among them “she” too, knew about their existence.