SPECIES PROFILE
For
Atlantic Walrus
Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus
Prepared for
MSC 276 – Marine Vertebrate Zoology
By
John Feickert jefeickert137@mail.cfcc.edu Submitted : March 10th, 2017
Names and classification
Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus
Atlantic Walrus
Synonyms: Aivik (Inuktitut), Morzh (Russian), Rostungur (Icelandic), Valross (Swedish)
Family: Odobenidae Atlantic Walrus
Description
The Atlantic Walrus can be best described as a very large seal with 2 large tusks. No other marine mammal has these two characteristics (Burt,1952). The most distinguishing trait of the Walrus are their long tusks that are actually enlarged, upper canine teeth that continue to grow throughout the animal’s entire life and can reach a maximum
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Figure 2. Atlantic Walrus male (left) and female (right) (Arkive.org, 2017). Figure 3. A closer view of the vibrissae of the Atlantic Walrus (Arkive.org, 2017).
Distribution
The Pacific Walrus, Odobenus rosmarus divergens, make up 90% of the world’s population of walruses while the Atlantic Walrus, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus, and the Laptev Walrus, Odobenus rosmarus laptevi, make up about 10% combined (Jay, 2008). The estimated population of Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus is 10,000 – 19,000 (Jefferson, 2008). Walruses inhabit the relatively shallow waters along the coast in the North Atlantic, the Bering Sea and the Artic Ocean near North America and Eurasia (Figure 4) (Reeves, 2002). No walruses are not found in North Carolina.
Figure 4. The areas shaded in blue represent the global range of the Atlantic Walrus, Odobenus rosmarus (WWF, 2017).
Habitat
Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus inhabits artic waters. They usually are seen on islands in the artic and on floating sheets of ice called ice floes. They are also usually found and seen in groups called herds (Burt, 1952). Atlantic walrus need large open bodies of water that are shallow, less than 80m, because those areas are usually rich in clams and invertebrates for them to eat. Walrus also need ice or land nearby so they can haul out of the water. In the summer and fall when the ice is scarce, they will haul out in large groups near low rocky shores (DFO, 2017).
Conservation Biology
Life cycle
The evolutionary path of a whale is a fascinating process of a terrestrial mammal that evolves into a marine mammal. This evolutionary path started with one of the earliest ancestors called “Pakicetus”. A Pakicetus was discovered to be a land animal with four legs that had teeth as carnivores. It skull structure was long, but this organism didn’t look like any marine animal. The scientist then discovered that on the skull’s ear region it was surrounded by a bony wall. This feature on an organism only was distinct from one type of species, scientist discovered that this animal “Pakicetus” was an ancestor of a whale. By comparing the early whales Pakicetus to the next generation of ancestors Ambulocetus, the Ambulocetus whale looks more like
The origin of modern day whales, a mystery that has puzzled paleontologists for years, may have just been solved with the discovery of an ankle bone. This discovery might sound simple and unimportant, but the bones of these ancient animals hold many unanswered questions and provide solid proof of origin and behavior. The relationship between whales and other animals has proven to be difficult because whales are warm-blooded, like humans, yet they live in the sea. The fact that they are warm-blooded suggests that they are related to some type of land animal. However, the questions of exactly which animal, and how whales evolved from land to water, have remained unanswered until now.
Logos was shown by using statistics of the whale’s life in captivity and characteristics of them as well. Some of these characteristics that were mentioned were they weigh up to 8,000 pounds, have 48
Furthermore, the marine mammal science community, which has long maintained a neutral stance on the question of whether orcas are a suitable species for captive display, has finally recognized the need to engage. An informal panel discussion on captive orcas is scheduled at the 20th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals in December, the first time this topic will be openly addressed by the world's largest marine mammal science
The dorsal fin is triangular, and has been know to grow in excess of 6 feet in length on males, but grow no more than 3 feet on females. (Martin) The pectoral fins of the orca can measure up to one sixth of it’s body length and is in the shape of a paddle. The orca usually have 40-50 conical teeth which measure over 2 inches in length, and has a perfect fit with the opposite set which makes it an excellent hunter. Although the teeth are robust, they do a lot of work through the years because older orcas have been known to have teeth worn down to the gum tissue (Haley.) The tongue of a killer whale has been known to weigh in excess of 2 tons (Martin.) They have been known to be fearless hunter, and a fast predator. Some say the ferocity of the killer whale exceeds that of the great white shark, which makes it one of the most feared in ocean life.
Recent evidence suggests that whales may not have always inhabited the oceans. Bones of an ancient ancestor of modern day whales, the Basilosaurus, were discovered in Pakistan that suggest whales evolved from a wolf-like creature. This genus of an early whale lived 34-40 million years ago in the late Eocene. These fossils show many different features in common with both modern day whales and modern day land mammals. Since the discovery of these bones, many other evidences show that whales are a likely descendant of the Basilosaurus through many different ways, such as embryologic comparison and DNA testing. Whales aren’t the only suspected descendants
The Narwhal is a whale and is also known as the unicorn of the sea. It is in the family of bottlenose dolphins, orcas, and Belugas (World Wildlife Fund). The scientific name for the Narwhal is Monodon monoceros and it is Greek meaning one-tooth, one-horn. It can grow up to 13-16 feet in length and weighs almost 2 tons (4,000 pounds). The region they are usually located is around the Arctic waters of Canada, Greenland, Norway and Russia. They are known as unicorns of the sea because they have a tusk, one of their teeth, coming out of the front of the skull. According to the World Wildlife fund (2014), “Males most commonly have tusks, and some may even have two. The tusk, which can grow as long as 10 feet, is actually an enlarged tooth.” The
Every year in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Northern Atlantic Ocean, three Canadian seal populations are opened for commercial hunting. Since the 1750s, hooded seals, grey seals and iconic harp seals have been hunted for their valuable pelts and omega-3 rich oil. After being nearly hunted to extinction in the 1800s and a period of extensive anti-hunt activism in the 1960s and 70s, the hunt has become strictly regulated. Now, activism has forced the Atlantic Seal Hunt to support and maintain standards of sustainable resource harvesting and humaneness, and this hunt now has the potential to be a role model in these areas for other similar hunts worldwide.
They feed during the day and at night on fishes and cephalopods, and they are known to attack smaller dolphins that are involved in the tuna purse-seine fishery in the Pacific Ocean.[4]
Not only will you be in a lovely and natural outside setting, you’ll have the support of your dolphin pals, dolphins being the symbol of love and peace.
They began at the Astoria area then to the Cowlitz River and on to the Bonneville Dam. More recently the Sea Lions have been spotted above the Bonneville Dam and occasionally in the Drano Lake and Mcnary pool.
(figure 4) Current distribution of the Louisiana black bear, Ursus americanus luteolus, decades after listed as an Endangered
The association of about 20 narwhals or so were just sitting there, dazed, on the wet and slippery ice. The smaller, younger looking narwhals were bluish and blackish. And the older looking ones had more snowy white to them. Age differentiation is extremely easy because the growth of the narwhals was rapidly going from being easily about five feet as young narwhals and about 20 feet that are older. They lazily sat there either eating some fish or taking a daytime nap. Some had very noticeable tusks, while others didn't. Most people do not know about these animals while, in fact, they are actually the unicorns of the sea. Narwhals have basic information like all creatures, and have prey and predators. These mystical creatures have a tooth that was a mystery to many scientists long ago.
The polar bear, the largest land carnivore in North America, one of the largest animals in the world and a favorite at zoos worldwide, has, over the years, adapted to its harsh Arctic environment. The appropriately named ‘ursus maritimum’ or sea bear usually lives between 15 and 18 years in the wild and spends most of its life on ice. It is the most recent of the eight bear species. The first polar bear was a brown bear subspecies, with brown bear dimensions and brown bear teeth. The polar bear evolution was rapid due to the small population and extreme pressure to survive. Even today, the polar bear continues to evolve to better adapt to the harsh realities of Arctic life.
The polar bear lives up in the Arctic region where global warming and climate change are melting the ice caps that the bears thrive on. They use the ice as a platform from hunting and rest. The random pocket holes in the ice, where the seals pop up at, is where the polar bear catches its prey. With this reduction of ice, “the abundance of seals, and increases the amount of energy and time needed for hunting, leaving less energy for reproduction” (Endangered Species and Habitats).