Chlorine Research Paper

Chlorine combines with metals and nonmetals and organic materials to form hundreds of chlorine compounds. Chlorine is about 2.5 times as dense as air and moderately soluble in water, forming a pale yellowish green solution. Chlorine is so reactive that

Asphyxiates are the poisonous gases which include chlorine, phosgene, and diphosgene. Chlorine inflicts damage by forming hydrochloric acid when it comes in contact with moisture such as what is found in the lungs and eyes. It is lethal at a ratio of 1:5000 (gas/air), whereas phosgene is deadly at 1:10,000 (gas/air) - twice as toxic! Diphosgene, first used by the Germans at Verdun on 22 June, 1916, was deadlier still and could not be effectively filtered by standard issue gas masks.

The chemicals that Clorox bleach contains are water, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride, coco-betaine, fragrance, sodium carbonate, sodium chlorate, sodium hydroxide, sodium [olyacrylate, and sodium xylene sulfonate. Sodium hypochlorite has several short term potential health risks such as causing irritation and burns when in contact with skin, causing eye damage and irritation when in contact with eyes, irritating the nose, throat, and lungs upon inhalation, which can cause shortness of breath and pulmonary edema at higher exposures, and can also cause headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Chronic health effects include bronchitis after repeated exposure to inhalation. Fragrance can cause skin irritation, allergy, and has been linked to organ system toxicity. Sodium carbonate can be corrosive to the gastro intestinal tract if ingested. It can also cause blistering when in contact with skin and can be corrosive to eyes and cause conjuctival edema and corneal destruction. Sodium chlorate can irritate and burn skin and eyes, and can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as damage the kidneys and affect the liver. High levels of sodium chlorate can reduce the body’s ability to transport oxygen and at very high levels, exposure can lead to death. Sodium hydroxide is corrosive to skin and

During 1800’s society was dynamic because of the comparisons of risks with using chloroform. With a wide range of confusion amongst the public but despite this religions had mixed views about chloroform some would refuse its use and others had no reasons for their opinion whereas others have no concerns due to the Queens uses. Few religions views had the support of media whereas others supported Simpson’s views and medical support was varied, but widely discussed but most of them felt that chloroform was unethical. The Church of England preached against the use of chloroform but their views began to change once the Queen utilized chloroform. A journalist for New Vision walked into a chemist and brought half a litre of chloroform then repeated

    In the first experiment, the observation of reversibility of hydration were demonstrated using CoCl2*2H2O which was  gently heated. The initial red color was changed to violet then blue. In addition, the compound CoCl2*2H2O was transform under the three states which are solid, liquid and gas.

It is surprising how many ways humans use chlorine. One way humans use chlorine is to kill bacteria and germs in pools. It cleanses the pool so when people go swimming, they will not get sick. Chlorine is also used to make paper. Scientists use it to drain all the color to make it white. Chlorine is also used in the water purification process. It kills bacteria in the water system before it enters a house. Chlorine is also found in many common things like, bleach. Bleach makes clothes white to take out at the stains. The salt many people have on their table is composed up of one sodium and one chlorine atom. There are not natural sources of chlorine in its pure element (gas) form. But it is mostly found in the earth's crust along with sodium, potassium, and manganese chlorides. The impacts chlorine has on the environment depends on how long it is the environment and how much of the substance is present. Sometimes chlorine combines to form harmful chemicals that gets into water

The initial temperature of the water was measured when it is in beaker. When the salt is added, it is concluded how salt can lower the water temperature. The temperature was measured in Celsius and was changed to both Fahrenheit and Kelvin.

With Bromine being element number 35 on the periodic table, it is also very reactive as it is part of group 17, the Halogens. The Halogens are the most reactive group in the periodic table. Bromine’s atomic mass is 79.904. Bromine also has 2 stable isotopes. Its mass numbers are 79 and 81. Chlorine,

Chlorine is about 2.5 times as dense as air and moderately soluble in water, forming a pale yellowish green solution. Chlorine is so reactive

Overall, sodium chloride molecules form by ionization of sodium and chlorine atoms, and the attraction of the resulting ions. The ionic relationship occurs because one atom is an anion and the other is a cation (Daempfle, 2016). In this example, sodium is a cation because it gives one of its electrons and chlorine is an anion because it takes the electron given by sodium (Daempfle, 2016). As a result, the molecule loses electrons because the cation becomes positive. As Na then loses an electron, it becomes oxidized in the ionic formation of the bond (Daempfle, 2016).

Chlorine can get into our eyes through releasing of chlorine gas into the air which is one way chlorine gets into our eyes. Another way is through contact with water that contains a lot of chlorine. The moisture that is present in the eyes when in contact with chlorine tends to form acid and causes more irritation. 4.1 DISTRIBUTION Chlorine as mentioned is absorbed in the body through inhalation, ingestion, drinking, skin contact, and as well as eye contact.

Fluorine is the most reactive element of them all, it reacts to almost anything. It is so reactive that storing it is so difficult. It is a poisonous pale yellow gas. It is part of the non-metal and halogen family. Fluorine is so strong and dangerous that it can burn through human skin. In the periodic table it is element number nine(9). Fluorine has a mass of 18.9984032, it can be rounded to 19. It contains of 9 protons, 9 electrons and 10 neutrons. Fluorine is one of the rare elements that is able to attack diamond.

Chlorine mixes with water tom make a green solution and can also be reversed to make a mix of chloric and hydrochloric acid. Fluorine (F) Fluorine and Chlorine mix together in different ways to create inter-halogen species (CIF) and in the process Fluorine and Chlorine also produce trifluoride Chlorine (III). Hydrogen

Gallium’s atomic number is 31 also with an atomic mass of 69.79. Gallium has only two main isotopes that I have found. Gallium is in the Boron family and is in period 4 on the periodic table. Its other family members are Boron, Aluminum, Indium, and Thallium.

Astatine is a very rare radioactive chemical element with the chemical symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on Earth as the decay product of various heavier elements. All its isotopes are short-lived, with half-lives of 8.1 hours or less. Elemental astatine has never been viewed because a mass large enough to be seen by the naked eye would be immediately vaporized by its radioactive heating. The bulk properties of astatine are not known with any certainty, but they have been predicted based on its similarity to the other halogens, the lighter elements directly above it in the periodic table: fluorine, chlorine, bromine and especially iodine. It is likely to have a dark or lustrous appearance and may be a semiconductor or possibly a metal;