Essay on The Element: Chlorine

Asphyxiates are the poisonous gases which include chlorine, phosgene, and diphosgene. Chlorine inflicts damage by forming hydrochloric acid when it comes in contact with moisture such as what is found in the lungs and eyes. It is lethal at a ratio of 1:5000 (gas/air), whereas phosgene is deadly at 1:10,000 (gas/air) - twice as toxic! Diphosgene, first used by the Germans at Verdun on 22 June, 1916, was deadlier still and could not be effectively filtered by standard issue gas masks.

Also depicted in this paper is the type of cancers caused by each chemical and other related health problems associated with each chemical. Finally, the role of government agencies such as FDA, EPA and OSHA in preventing excessive amount or zero amounts of toxic chemicals from entering the environment will be discussed. The last paragraphs will enumerate the inferred conclusion from my research on Agent Orange, DDT and Benzene.

Also depicted in this paper is the type of cancers caused by each chemical and other related health problems associated with each chemical. Finally, the role of government agencies such as FDA, EPA and OSHA in preventing excessive amount or zero amounts of toxic chemicals from entering the environment will be discussed. The last paragraphs will enumerate the inferred conclusion from my research on Agent Orange, DDT and Benzene.

The chemicals that Clorox bleach contains are water, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride, coco-betaine, fragrance, sodium carbonate, sodium chlorate, sodium hydroxide, sodium [olyacrylate, and sodium xylene sulfonate. Sodium hypochlorite has several short term potential health risks such as causing irritation and burns when in contact with skin, causing eye damage and irritation when in contact with eyes, irritating the nose, throat, and lungs upon inhalation, which can cause shortness of breath and pulmonary edema at higher exposures, and can also cause headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Chronic health effects include bronchitis after repeated exposure to inhalation. Fragrance can cause skin irritation, allergy, and has been linked to organ system toxicity. Sodium carbonate can be corrosive to the gastro intestinal tract if ingested. It can also cause blistering when in contact with skin and can be corrosive to eyes and cause conjuctival edema and corneal destruction. Sodium chlorate can irritate and burn skin and eyes, and can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as damage the kidneys and affect the liver. High levels of sodium chlorate can reduce the body’s ability to transport oxygen and at very high levels, exposure can lead to death. Sodium hydroxide is corrosive to skin and

It is also commonly known as terachloromethane. Like many chemical compounds if carbon tetrachloride is ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through skin there is a chance of death, so it is important to use with with respect and care (proper protection). Under normal condition carbon tetrachloride is a very stable and clear and colourless substance. Since carbon tetrachloride can cause the liver and kidneys to degenerate it is consider a carcinogen. The chemical formula is CCI4 and it has a molar mass of 153.82 g/mol. Despite being poisonous, and having a strong odor, carbon tetrachloride is

44 - Identify the element (whole name and abbreviation) based on the atomic number and atomic mass:

Water: a necessary facet to all living things. For animals, water can be a home or a drink. As for humans, the uses of water are endless. Not only do we use water as a beverage or washing clothes or dishes, but we also use water for toilets, various kinds of plumbing and other things that aren’t as easily identifiable. As of 2005, this 70% of our Earth has been manipulated and used for thermoelectric power (41.5%), irrigation (37%), domestic affairs (8.5%), public supply (5.4%), industry (5%) and aquaculture (2.6%).1 The importance of water is infinite, not only to our way of life, but also our lives. We need to drink water to ensure the health of individual cells of the body, lubricate joints, moisten mucous membranes of the organs and many other vital bodily functions.2 Not only do we expect the availability of water, but it is highly important to humans and all living things. Although it is such an integral part of our Earth, one may ask about some of its properties and characteristics.

The chemicals inhaled nare arsenic, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide,many of these have been proven toxic or have been proven to cause

Adopted by the German and allied armies, Phosgene was another gas that was used during World War 1. As a weapon, Phosgene would be more potent than Chlorine because it caused victims to cough less. Phosgene would often have delayed effects on victims. It would take 48 hours for a healthy soldier to be taken down after inhaling the gas. The white star mixture, which is a mixture of Chlorine and Phosgene, would commonly be used on the Somme. The contents of the Chlorine supplied the necessary vapers with which to carry the Phosgene.

the element chlorine picks up one electron to form an ion. Chlorides ions help keep the

In terms of surgical procedures, much of society refrains from using chloroform as an anesthetic due to its life-threatening effects on the human body and this chemical is not commonly used by the average individual within society, so its absence will be barely noticed from the daily lives of Americans. Yet, despite the fact that chloroform is an environmental hazard and is barely used by the average individual, its is acknowledged that the chemical is also used as a reagent and a solvent by factories in order to produce other chemicals. The hydrogen attached to carbon within this organic compound allows it to participate in hydrogen bonding and serve as a solvent for pesticides, fats, rubber, and oils. Next, chloroform also serves as a reagent (a compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, that is not necessarily consumed throughout the reaction), as it usually reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide in order to produce the compound CCl2, which can then be inserted into the bonds of other compounds to create new substances. As a result, it can be noted that the economy, specifically the rubber and pesticide industries, will be hindered for a short amount of time. It is only a short amount of time, as there are many replacements available for chloroform that will result in the same or similar chemicals that factories want to produce. These alternatives include the chemical dimethoxyethane, which can replaced chloroform’s role as a solvent due to its ability to mix in all proportions with a variety of solutes, including water and ethanol, and ethyl acetate, which can replace chloroform’s role as a reagent to react with sodium hydroxide, as the reactivity of its elements are similar to the elements found within chloroform. As such, many of the possible economical harms can be easily repaired through the simple substitution of other chemicals that do not

1. INITIATION: Chlorine breaks down into free radicals that will then attack the methane molecules

Does the little known element bromine affect the globe so much to the point that without it, human life would cease to exist? The answer could be surprising. bromine is a natural, liquid at room temperature element that belongs to the group Halogen, which includes similar elements such as chlorine, iodine, and astatine. It is an extremely poisonous element that could cause long-term kidney and brain issues from its systematic poisoning effect; the element bromine is a reddish-brown color and exceedingly fetid. Though it was originated from a college student’s work, a French scientist wrote an article about bromine before the student could pursue it. No matter how it was discovered, scientists are grateful for it.

The city of Stockton’s water cleaning company uses “chloramines which are not as chemically active as chlorine” to filter their tap water system (recordnet.com). However, due to the drought and lack of water many of the chloramines compounded together and became toxic. Moving on, Chloramine is a compound made up of very low concentration of chlorine and ammonia. However, large quantity of chloramine can be harmful since the chlorine can compound onto each other, which develops trichloramine (recordnet.com). Trichloramine can cause redness in the eye, irritation of the skin, and if ingested in large quantity, the respiratory system can be damaged. Moving on, the water contamination in Stockton effects all the residents in North Stockton only. Despite that the water contamination is only in North Stockton, the residents are taking precaution to using their tap water due to the unsure effects of ingesting the contaminated

In today’s society chemicals, whether you like it or not are a fact of life. Many people are afraid of chemicals and their effects on them and the environment. This is understandable because the truth of the matter is that chemicals can do some horrible things to humans, animals and the whole ecosystem. Some would say that chemicals should be done away with for these reasons. But this certainly is not true and most likely impossible. Chemicals can also have some very positive effects on our lives. Some uneducated people would argue that there should not be restrictions on chemicals. This is just as crazy as saying that chemicals should be done away with. If chemicals are regulated and people abide