Cholera Is A Contagious Infection

6. Why would evidence of cholera in people living side by side, differing only in water supply, provide critical evidence?

Some of the most emerging and re-emerging agents of the waterborne diseases are; Cholera which is caused by the ingestion of water that is infected by Vibrio Cholerae. This is a painless form of diarrhea characterized by watery stool. Dysentery which is caused by Escherichia Coli. Typhoid that is caused by Salmonella typhi which is usually accompanied by fever is yet another disease. Gastroenteritis diseases caused by Giardia and Cryptosporodia and some species of hepatitis are also known to be caused by water (CDC, 2011). These disease causing agents find their way into the human body through infected water that people from the poorer communities in Uganda use and have no option of cleaner water.

The year is 1849 and so far I have discovered several things about the cholera outbreak in London. My colleagues assume that the cause of cholera is caused by poison carried in the air that results from decaying matter (Fairbanks and Candelaria 10). However, I disagree with my colleagues in their belief of the miasma theory (Mckenzie 13). I have constructed a theory that the disease is spread by person-to-person contact and the material causing the cholera, must be in fact, swallowed and introduced into the alimentary canal (Fairbanks and Candelaria 10). My experience with the disease shows that not everyone who treats a sick person becomes sick, and others get sick even with the absence of a sick person in close proximity (Fairbanks and Candelaria 10). I have found that physicians who practice superior cleanliness do not get cholera. Cholera outbreak also seems to be worse among working class people, poor cleanliness seems to be what contributes to the spread of the disease (Fairbanks and Candelaria 10). The sanitary conditions of the city are not well by any means. The city is overcrowded, streets were unpaved, filthy, and heaped with trash and garbage (McKenzie 11). Most people get their drinking water from a water pump that is in close proximity to their house.

Introduction. This model targets the entire rural Haitian population especially those with low immune system and the very young. This model will use preventative care as specialty of care. The setting will be an ambulatory health care center. This model has for goal to strengthen the knowledge of the population with good hygiene and habits to prevent Cholera.

The water source is important because cholera can be transmitted in feces that contain the strain of Vibrio Cholerae. Thus, the water can contaminated. The united nations have established a water quality monitoring system that is implemented in 56 health centers. They have constructed wastewater treatment plants, provided sewage management in internally displaced camps as well as built sanitary facilities in 240 schools. Besides creating proper infrastructure, the united nations have supplied critical items for prevention and treatment of cholera such as water purification tablets, soap and medical supplies and equipment. They have also purchased oral cholera vaccines that were administered to 110,000 people (UN Fact Sheet: Combatting Cholera in Haiti 2013). Even though the United Nations has reduced the risk of cholera for about 1.2 million people, the rest of the population is still suffering with the disease (UN Fact Sheet: Combatting Cholera in Haiti 2013).

First of all, according to the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) it states,”Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by intestine with the bacterium vibrio cholerae.” In other words, cholera is a disease that starts on the inside of your body by germs. Another fact of Cholera is,”Approximately one in 10 (5-10%) infected persons will have severe disease characterized by profuse watery diarrhea,

Water-borne diseases are caused by the ingestion of water contaminated by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites. These pathogens are spread through the feces or urine of an infected individual (africaneeds). The most common diseases are cholera, guinea worm and typhoid. People can easily contract these diseases if there is no system of sewage collection and treatment. In fact, almost 2.5 billion people worldwide do not have access to adequate sanitation (UN water). Climate change can also impact the water crisis in Africa. Water is necessary for survival, and when areas get

Another effect in Haiti as consequence of the earthquake was the contamination and bad sanitation in the country. After the earthquake all the water systems were broke and were almost not sewage water. The inhabitants did not have the resources to have prevention in that chaos. Those factors provoked in the patients and also in those person that were living in refugees some symptoms as watery diarrhea, nausea, vomit and dehydration. With all those symptoms the patients were diagnosed with a virus known as Cholera. This virus spread quickly in the country between the population that were leaving deplorable situations, without sanitation. this case was known as The Cholera Outbreak. As the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC said

Haiti, home to over ten million of people and many more all over the world, is one of the poorest nation in the Americas. In 2010 and 2011, Haiti was heavily affected by a large cholera outbreak that spread throughout the country (Page et al., 2015). Its low economy and its substantially high occurrences of adverse events and insecurity have made the country the recipient of many humanitarian aids and peace keeping missions for almost as long as the country have been independent (Page et al., 2015). It is not to forget that the cholera outbreak that started in the latter of the 2010 year and lingers until today is a complete mirror effect of Haiti’s substandard infrastructure, lack of sanitation and poor water quality have not only make this

Almost 100 countries worldwide are still affected by cholera and it’s virtually impossible to completely prevent an outbreak. If left alone, this rapidly infectious disease can cause many fatalities. However, improved methods for surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment, paired with higher standards of sanitation and personal

In 1849 London experienced a major outbreak of cholera due to the polluted water, which claimed the lives of about 15,000 residents. William Farr believed that cholera traveled through the air instead of the water. Also he conducted many analysis of several variables in relation to the outbreak and their relationship to death from cholera. From these findings he developed detailed statistics from the environmental conditions that he observed from the local bodies of water. Working with William Farr’s findings, John Snow was a physician which came to the conclusion that there was a relationship between the water sources and the cholera outbreak ("John Snow - The Father Of Epidemiology").

There are other common sources of cholera bacterium are surface or well water, seafood, raw fruits and vegetables, and grains. In water, Vibrio cholerae can survive for long periods of time, staying dormant. People in areas with poor sanitation, like crowded refugee camps, are at risk of cholera, due to the fact that water provided for said community could be a source of contamination of cholera bacteria. Seafood, when raw or undercooked, can be contaminated by cholera bacteria, if the seafood came from certain areas with contaminated waters. Since the 1970s, cholera outbreaks in the U.S. have been caused by smuggled seafood from cholera-infected areas, and from the Gulf of Mexico. Shellfish are especially contaminated, due to the fact that “they filter large amounts of water, concentrating the levels of cholera bacteria”. Raw fruits—especially unpeeled—and vegetables coming from an area with a source of cholera are another frequent source of the cholera bacteria. Innoculation of the fruits

Our main concern was to provide fresh and clean water for the people of Haiti. The southwest of Haiti was mainly affected by Hurricane Matthew in early October, 2016. And the problem is that all of the water there is now contaminated and is undrinkable. But the people drink it anyways, causing them to catch the Cholera disease. The Cholera disease is caused from drinking or eating something that is contaminated by a type of bacteria. However there is a cure for it, in the U.S. you would be treated by taking antibiotics and receiving IV fluids but, they don’t have money for that type of treatment in Haiti. So within 12 to 24 hours if you have not taken care of it the disease will take over your body and you can die from it. Approximately 10,000

The following information is a CDC information factsheet about cholera and how to remedy the problem The CDC has teamed up with Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) to develop a safe water system to address the global burden of diarrheal disease which protects households from contaminated water by promoting behavior change and providing affordable

Figure 1: Cholera cases reported to WHO by year and continent 1989-2013 (World Health Organization, 2014)