Introduction: In the United States, more than 2,100 people die from cardiovascular disease each day. According to the American Heart Association, too much cholesterol in a person’s blood can lead to a heart disease and stroke (1). Cholesterol is the most common sterol in animal. Plants also have sterols in their structure, however human enzyme systems can only digest animal sterols (2). Cholesterol is produced in our bodies by the liver (endogenous) or could come from the foods we eat (exogenous). Both kinds are transported to and from the cells by lipoproteins: LDL and HDL. LDL cholesterol is considered to be the ”bad” cholesterol, since it contributes in depositing plaque in the arteries, therefore contributing to atherosclerosis. HDL, on the other hand, is considered to be the” good” cholesterol since it has the opposite effect; it removes the LDL cholesterol from the arteries carrying it back to the liver, therefore reducing risks of atherosclerosis. Maintaining the low levels of LDL and high levels of HDL is extremely important, as HDL is responsible for moving the cholesterol from the blood to the liver whereas LDL is the reason for the build up inside the artery therefore increasing the risk of the cardiovascular diseases. In order to assess cholesterol levels in the body, blood serum cholesterol is tested. It is recommended that total cholesterol (TC) level in an individual to be less than 200 mg/dl (desirable level). The level between 200 – 239 mg/dl is
High cholesterol level is a condition in which the concentration of high density lipids (HDL) specifically cholesterol, has significantly increased in the blood. The build up of these lipids in arteries reduce the supply of blood and hence, oxygen to the heart. Consequently, high cholesterol can lead to stroke or heart attack. Apo – Atorvastatin (Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets) is a medication that helps lower the concentration of cholesterol and other HDL in the blood (Apo-Atorvastatin, 2011) and is manufactured by Apotex Inc.
Dairy should not be a primary food group on the dietary guidelines set by the government because of its many negative effects on human health (given that people care about their health and the health of those around them). Dairy and other animal products are the only food sources which contain cholesterol. Arguments have been made saying that humans need to consume cholesterol in order to have a healthy balance of fats; these arguments fail to acknowledge that our bodies naturally produce all the cholesterol that it needs. And many studies have been conducted to support the theory that consumption of dietary cholesterol overloads arteries and can cause heart disease, artery disease, as well as sudden heart attacks. The Department of Community Health and Preventative Medicine at Northwestern University Medical School worked to interpret an international study based on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization. The overall conclusion was that “…dietary cholesterol levels are consistently related to CHD (coronary heart disease) mortality rates” (Stamler). A study conducted by Lena Ohlsson at the Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Nutrition within the prestigious Lund University in Sweden also linked dietary cholesterol and milk fat with artery disease and other metabolic disorders. In short, the abstract of her lab report said that low-density lipoprotein (LDL)—“bad” cholesterol—was found to be directly associated with coronary artery
Good evening Mr. Brown your test results came in and we found out that your Triglycerides are 145 mg/dL, Cholesterol 210 mg/dL, HDL 33 mg/dL, and LDL 160 mg/dL. Normal triglycerides means there are less than 150 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) which you do have which is great. A desirable level of cholesterol would be Below 200 mg/dL, and borderline high would be 200-239 mg/dL so because your cholesterol level is 210 mg/dL you are at borderline high. Ideal LDL level for people at very high risk of heart disease would be below 70 and a high level would be 160-189 mg/dL your LDL level is 160 mg/dL therefore it’s high. The best HDL
The Framingham study and others that followed showed us that HDL-cholesterol is an independent cardiovascular risk factor and that the increase of HDL-cholesterol of only 10 mg/dL leads to a risk reduction of 2-3% (PubMed.gov, Nov. 2012). Higher levels of HDL cholesterol result in a risk of cardiovascular disease closer to the default risk. Cardiovascular disease risk increases then plateaus with greater ratios between total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. Thus, higher levels of HDL cholesterol proportionate to levels of total cholesterol relate to lower cardiovascular disease risk (Lecture #3). Having a HDL-cholesterol of 60 mg/dL and above is the best place for a person to be. A bit lower, but considered a good HDL-cholesterol level standing is 40-49 mg/dL for men and 50-59 mg/dL for women. All three of us, me, my mother, and the case study Danny are in good standing regarding HDL-cholesterol levels, my mother with 55 mg/dL, me with 50 mg/dL, and Danny with 40
[16] This trial played a critical role in the creation of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in 1985 by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institute of Health. The objective was to educate the general public and medical community about the need to identify and treat high blood cholesterol to decrease CVD risk factors. [17] The adult treatment panel (ATP) was formed from a panel of experts from major medical and health professional associations. The first ATP guideline, deemed ATP-1, was published in 1988 to outline a strategy for primary prevention of CVD. These guidelines were aimed at individuals with a high LDL concentration (>160 mg/dL) or borderline high (130-159 mg/dL) with 2+ risk factors.
High cholesterol is one of the most common diseases that occur in today's society. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 71 million American adults have high LDL "bad" cholesterol. When cholesterol levels are normal, they normally do not harm the body since cholesterol can be beneficial to the body. However, if excess amounts of cholesterol are in the body, it can become a threat. "Cholesterol is a waxy substance that plays an important role in building cell membranes and sex hormones" (Overview). The certain types of food you consume on a daily basis may affect the cholesterol levels in your blood. There are two types of cholesterol, which is your HDL (high density lipoprotein), "good", cholesterol, and your LDL (low density lipoprotein), which are the "bad" cholesterol. It is critical that an individual maintains his or her cholesterol levels because he or she can increase their risk of cardiovascular disease. LDLs are known to carry cholesterol into your arteries and clog them, which can cause strokes and heart attacks. On the other hand, HDL, help eliminate cholesterol from the arterial vessels and transport it to the liver, which is then defecated with body waste. According to Sroda, an individual's total cholesterol should be less than 200, LDL levels should be less than 130,
Our body naturally produces cholesterol through the liver, we can also obtain cholesterol from consumed products. We need small amounts of cholesterol to produce hormones, bile, and vitamin D. Cholesterol doesn’t dissolve in the bloodstream once it is inside the body. It needs to be carried by two types of lipoproteins called low density lipoproteins(LDL) and high density lipoproteins(HDL). The more cholesterol we consume, the more LDL and HDL we produce. HDL is
High cholesterol is a dangerous disease that can lead to many life-threatening ailments, and can be lowered by eating healthy, while maintaining a balanced diet of leveled cholesterol. Cholesterol, the sleek-fat like substance that roams in the blood of a body. It is vital to life, but when there is too much intake of cholesterol, it can cause the body to malfunction and cause problems. There are two types of cholesterol HDL and LDL, which varies in the amount of protein and cholesterol it holds Too much cholesterol in a body is dangerous, and surprisingly, has no symptoms. The two main types of cholesterol are HDL and LDL, HDL helps reduce the chances of chronic heart disease, whereas LDL is the main reason for plaque build-up in artery
A routine cholesterol screening involves a simple blood test. An LDL number of 190 mg/dL is considered high, but an HDL level below 40 mg/dL is too low and is a risk for heart disease. The levels of both HDL and LDL are added together for a total cholesterol number. The risk breakdown for the levels are;
Your bad cholesterol (LDL) should be under 100mg and the good cholesterol (HDL) should be over 50mg. The optimum total score is under 200mg. 34. Cancer Risk The American Cancer society can help you with hints and tips on how to reduce your risk of cancer and what tests are appropriate (https://www.cancer.org/healthy/find-cancer-early/cancer-screening-guidelines/american-cancer-society-guidelines-for-the-early-detection-of-cancer.html).
While it is beneficial to acknowledge the connection between cholesterol and heart health, it is equally critical to take into account their general contexts and ponder the countless
The liver produces an amount of cholesterol that is necessary for normal body functions. However, an elevated level may cause heart diseases and other maladies. Most experts advise you to keep your cholesterol level below 200, with the low density lipoprotein level below 100. A slightly increased level is not usually a reason to be concerned. If a slightly increased cholesterol level is combined with other negative factors, such as high blood pressure or being overweight, the impact it has on your health is greater. A
The good form of this sterol in the body is your HDL, because it picks up all the bad form in your body and store it in the liver to be converted into the bile then exits out.
fairly accurate. Again associated with that body fat percentage, your waist girth is in the normal ranges, which means that a lot of your weight is in your lower region of your body, which is optimal. The next concern I have from your results are your cholesterol levels. Your High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels are within the appropriate levels but your triglycerides and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels are way above what I would like them to be. A combination of all three of these numbers makes up your total cholesterol level, which is also high, due to your high levels of LDL and triglycerides. Your blood glucose is just a tad too high, it’s not of extreme concern, it was only 2 ml/dL over the normal range which barely puts you in the pre-diabetes range but this can easily be reversed through exercise changes that we will be going over. Lastly your VO2max, this was actually really low compared to women your age, a normal range should be about 30 rather than your 26.
Weyermann et al. (2010) observed the variability in the amounts of squalene and cholesterol found between and within donors. While cholesterol and squalene was found in all the latent fingerprints of their six donors, there was a high variability in the initial quantity of these materials, both between and within these donors. With respect to the ageing kinetics as a function of time, they conducted an experiment on two different surfaces (i.e. porous for 30 days and non-porous for 65 hours). It was found that squalene decreases at a faster rate on a non-porous surface (not detectable after one week) than on a porous surface (still detectable after 30 days).