Cigarette Smoke Toxins Deposited On Surfaces : Implications For Human Health

Smoking tobacco is well known to assist the body with creating cancer cells. Also loss of blood circulation leading to gangrene, hair loss, yellowing of fingernails and bad breath are only some of the health risks associated with first person smoking. These health risks can also apply to second hand smokers which

Imagine yourself sitting down to dinner at a restaurant. You are sitting down trying to enjoy your dinner when all you can smell is smoke. Not only are you just breathing in the smoke, it is also damaging your body at the same time. Or imagine yourself at your work place, whether it be a restaurant or office, and you are forced to breathe in second-hand smoke the entire time you are there. In this paper you will be informed of the harmful effects of second-hand smoke, and why smoking should be banned from all public places.

Hooton, T., Bradley, S., Cardenas, D., Colgan, R., Geerlings, S., Rice, J., Nicolle, L. (2010).

Tetrahymena cells are model organisms that have led to the discovery of many groundbreaking topics in the biology world. Tetrahymena cells nourish through a process called phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is when the cell engulfs anything in its path using the cell’s cytoplasm. In this experiment, through the use of a control, and low and high concentration of tobacco extract it was determined that cigarette extract inhibits the process of phagocytosis in cells. This was then compared to the ciliotoxic effects of cigarette smoke on the lungs and the hypothesis was supported after the drop in phagocytosis of high and low concentrations after ten minutes. It can be determined that cigarette smoke does have a direct effect on the difficulty of breathing and overall living of life.

Regardless of consumer belief, smoking dramatically increases the chances of contracting many diseases - such as heart disease or high blood pressure. Although not every user experiences these diseases, it is well known that smoking can decrease one’s life time dramatically. The information given states, “It’s virtually impossible to escape the effects of tobacco” (Jordan). This stated, Jordan expresses that essentially if you use tobacco, there is a fairly high chance that one will damage his/her body in some way. Furthermore, there are many more diseases that can be contracted and the ones stated are only the most common. Continuing, the author explains the affects of smoking, “Expose to specific elements of secondhand smoke causes blood clot more easily and damages arterial lining” (Jordan). As stated, certain components in tobacco increase the chances of high blood pressure and blood clots to form in the body. Concluding, respiratory problems in young children can occur through second hand smoking, these include asthma. Children that asthma effect increases from smoke, “Asthma turns out to be about twice as common in children exposed to high levels of second hand smoke” (Secondhand Smoke: Is it a Hazard). Not only does tobacco smoke increase other diseases, it also increases the severity of diseases already contracted as shown in the previous quote. To conclude, tobacco smoke

Breiding, Matthew J., Sharon G. Smith, Kathleen C. Basile, Mikel L. Walters, Jieru Chen, and

., Hufnagle, W. O., Kowalik, D. J., Lagrou, M., Garver, R. L., Goltry, L., Tolentino, E., Westbrock-Wadman, S., Yuan, Y., Brody, L. L., Coulter, S. N., Folger, K. R., Kas, A., Larbig, K., Lim, R., Smith, K., Spencer, D., Wong, G. K.-S.s Wu, Z., Paulsen, T., Reizer, J., Saier, M. H., Hancock, R. E. W., Lory, S., &

hazardous chemicals that regular cigarettes do. It is unfair that electronic cigarettes are not always included in laws pertaining to the use of nicotine based products in public places. Bystanders should not have to face problems that a change in legislation could fix. The authors of this article went on to describe a study that was conducted to show how often users smoked cigarettes, how many cigarettes they averagely smoked at once, and where users received second hand smoke. Many of the places that users smoked and were around other smokers, were public areas. Second hand smoke will drastically decrease if clean air laws included electronic cigarettes under the same category as traditional smoking. After the results of the study were

Cigarette smoking is one of the greatest health risks to the human population. Toxic to both smokers and nonsmokers, smoking has developed a new threat, thirdhand exposure (THE), which is the accumulation of secondhand smoke (SHS) on surfaces, becoming more toxic as it ages over time. This study attempts to study the threat of THE on children and others in environments where smoking has occurred by investigating the effects of THE on liver and lung function, skin healing, and behavior in mice exposed to THE under conditions similar to human exposure. The exposed mice excreted levels of NNAl similar to those found in children exposed to SHS. In liver, THE increases lipid levels and results in non-alcoholic fatty disease. In lungs, it

Desai, A. R., Goulet, L. J., Robbins, J., Chapman, F. J., Migdole, J. S., & Hoge, A. M., (2006).

Michael E Stokes1*, Xin Ye2, Manan Shah3, Katie Mercaldi4, Matthew W Reynolds4, Marcia FT Rupnow2 and

Guillem Anglada-Escud´e, Pamela Arriagada, Steven S. Vogt, Eugenio J. Rivera, R. Paul Butler, Jeffrey D. Crane, Stephen A. Shectman, Ian B. Thompson, Dante Minniti, Nader Haghighipour, Brad D. Carter, C. G. Tinney, Robert A. Wittenmyer, Jeremy A. Bailey, Simon J. O’Toole, Hugh R.A. Jones, James S. Jenkins

2. Cigarette smoking consists of over 3000 chemical components of which nicotine is the most significant substance (Carter, 2015).Other products such as tar which is absorbed by the lungs and can cause lung cells to die, Nitric oxides that can cause respiratory tract infections and carbon monoxide, are known to damage health and impact fracture healing. Nicotine plays a significant role in hindering blood flow by stimulating the release of a class of aromatic amines from the central nervous system and activating the constriction of vessel which increases blood pressure .Carbon Monoxide definitely plays a large role in damaging tissue oxygenation by attaching itself to the hemoglobin and dethroning oxygen molecules, so reducing the delivery of oxygen to peripheral tissue (Carter, 2015). Smoking damages wounds and soft tissue

Although, countless smokers will refuse to admit that their habits affect anybody around them, does not mean that it won 't happen. According to the CDC Since 1964, approximately 2,500,000 nonsmokers have died from health problems caused by exposure to secondhand smoke. The only way to protect the adults and children who do not smoke is to avoid smoking in a public area, or inside homes. Secondhand smoke can cause far more damage in the long term compared to smoking directly. Health risks such as asthma are more likely to develop in children who inhale secondhand smoke at a young age. The respiratory disease that affects the airways of the lungs is established as asthma. Most times, people who develop asthma at a young age should not be forced to deal with the effects for the rest of their life. Enjoyable things such as having pets, will be hard to enjoy due to the fact that pet dandruff can trigger asthma attacks. Along with the health risks that come with

Because of secondhand smoke, about 3,000 adults who do not smoke die of lung cancer each year. Research even proves that secondhand smoke possibly heightens the chances of breast cancer, nasal sinus cavity cancer, and nasopharyngeal cancer in grownups [National Cancer Institute]. Also, the chances of leukemia, lymphoma, and brain tumors in adolescents are heightened. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. National Toxicology Program, the U.S. Surgeon General, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer have all classifies secondhand smoke as a known human carcinogen. Carcinogens are the causes of cancer. Adolescents subject to secondhand smoke have also have heightened chances of sudden infant death syndrome, ear infections, colds, pneumonia, bronchitis, and extreme asthma [National Institutes of Health]. Besides those health effects, another concerning matter of secondhand smoke is heart disease. The American Heart Associations prove that although most people believe that smoking only affects your lungs, being subject to secondhand smoke practically doubled the chances of a heart attack. “Short exposures to secondhand smoke can cause blood platelets to become stickier, damages the lining of blood vessels, and decrease coronary flow velocity reserves. These are all mechanisms that may increase the risk of a heart attack” [American Heart Association]. People who do not smoke and are around smoke at home or at work heighten